case study ch 4

Question 1

1. What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Question 2

2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

Answer 2

al living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 3

3. What are the two groups of prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 3

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

4. What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 4

Question 5

5. What cell structures are found in ALL cells?

Answer 5

cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.

Question 6

6. Explain the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer 6

assume that some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes

Question 7

. What organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

Answer 7

the endomembrane system includes nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma

Question 8

Which organelles are found in plant cells and not in animal cells?

Answer 8

Thus, Chloroplast is the organelle that is found in a plant cell but not in an animal

Question 9

organelle function

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain the concept of membrane fluidity. Why is it important to cell function?

Answer 10

allows it to adapt its shape and movement to different conditions

Question 11

The fluid mosaic model

Answer 11

describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.

Question 12

How do phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves into a bilayer?

Answer 12

with the hydrophobic tails buried in the interior of the membrane and the polar head groups exposed on both sides, in contact with water

Question 13

Define the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Answer 13

Hydrophilic means water loving; hydrophobic means resistant to wate

Question 14

Why do ions have a difficult time getting through the membrane?

Answer 14

Ions are charged, and consequently, they are hydrophilic and cannot associate with the lipid portion of the membrane

Question 15

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 15

Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.

Question 16

Explain facilitated diffusion.

Answer 16

a type of passive transport that uses specialized proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membran

Question 17

Explain the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.

Answer 17

Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell

Question 18

What is a concentration gradien

Answer 18

the process of particles moving through a solution from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles

Question 19

What do the terms hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic mean?

Answer 19

if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell, and the cell will shrink
. In an isotonic environment, there is no net water movement, so there is no change in the size of the cell.
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, water will enter the cell, and the cell will swel