case study ch 4 Flashcards
- What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
al living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
- What are the two groups of prokaryotic organisms?
Bacteria and Archaea
- What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
- What cell structures are found in ALL cells?
cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
- Explain the endosymbiotic theory.
assume that some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes
. What organelles are part of the endomembrane system?
the endomembrane system includes nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma
Which organelles are found in plant cells and not in animal cells?
Thus, Chloroplast is the organelle that is found in a plant cell but not in an animal
organelle function
Explain the concept of membrane fluidity. Why is it important to cell function?
allows it to adapt its shape and movement to different conditions
The fluid mosaic model
describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
How do phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves into a bilayer?
with the hydrophobic tails buried in the interior of the membrane and the polar head groups exposed on both sides, in contact with water
Define the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
Hydrophilic means water loving; hydrophobic means resistant to wate
Why do ions have a difficult time getting through the membrane?
Ions are charged, and consequently, they are hydrophilic and cannot associate with the lipid portion of the membrane
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.
Explain facilitated diffusion.
a type of passive transport that uses specialized proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membran
Explain the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
What is a concentration gradien
the process of particles moving through a solution from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles
What do the terms hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic mean?
if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell, and the cell will shrink
. In an isotonic environment, there is no net water movement, so there is no change in the size of the cell.
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, water will enter the cell, and the cell will swel
