ch 4 part 1 reviews

Question 1

chapter 4 :

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

The smallest part of you

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

Organisms are Made of :

Answer 3

cells

Question 4

cells :

Answer 4

The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life

Question 5

unicellular and multicellular are organism (true or false)

Answer 5

true

Question 6

who says “observed cells using a microscope and name them cells “and when __________

Answer 6

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 7

cell theory is one of the ____________theories in _______________and one that is universally accepted by all biologist the theory states that :

Answer 7

-unifying
-biology
-all living organism are made up of one or more cells
-all cells arise from other preexiting cells

Question 8

Most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye

Answer 8

Studying Cells

Question 9

Microscopes

Answer 9

Instrument that magnifies an object

Question 10

magnifaction function :

Answer 10

makes small object look larger

Question 11

resolution :

Answer 11

the ability to distinguish detail

Question 12

types of microscopes :

Answer 12

Light microscopes
electron microscopes

Question 13

eggs :

Answer 13

some of the largest cells

Question 14

Every cell on earth falls into one of two categories:

Answer 14

-prokaryotic
-eukaryotic

Question 15

prokaryotic :

Answer 15

1-cells that do not have nucleus and organelles
2-first cell on earth
example : bacteria and archaea

Question 16

eukaryotic

Answer 16

organelle , nuclear membrane

Question 17

cells with internal compartments called ___________

Answer 17

organelle

Question 18

plasma membrane in prokaryotic :

Answer 18

encloses cell , contain :
DNA
ribosome
cytoplasm

Question 19

cytosol

Answer 19

jelly like fluid inside cell

Question 20

DNA :

Answer 20

one or more loop containing genetic info

Question 21

ribosome

Answer 21

granular body in the cytoplasm that covers genetic info into protein structure

Question 22

cell wall

Answer 22

protects and give a shape for the cell

Question 23

capsule

Answer 23

protective outer coating

Question 24

pilus

Answer 24

hair like projection that helps cell to attach to other surfaces and sometimes play role in DNA transfer

Question 25

flagellum | flij aal m ## Footnote flag ellum

Answer 25

whip like projection that aids in cellular movement

Question 26

eukaryotic :

Answer 26

~10,000X larger than prokaryotic cells nucleus contain the cell's DNA organelle : membrane bound compartments with specialized function

Question 27

two catagories of eukaryotic :

Answer 27

-animal -plan

Question 28

Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells-final :

Answer 28

structure not found in plant cell= animal: centriole structure not found in animal cell=plant : chloroplast cell wall vacuole

Question 29

occasionally found in animal :

Answer 29

vacuole

Question 30

Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells theory :

Answer 30

endosymbiosis theory نظرية التعايش الداخلي | N doh sym be yo sis ## Footnote endo symbiosis

Question 31

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 31

Provides explanation for the origin of two types of organelles : mitochondria , chloroplast

Question 32

Endosymbiosis :

Answer 32

two organisms living together with one inside the other

Question 33

pathway of endosymbiosis :

Answer 33

ancestor eukaryotic : DNA , plasma membrane ancestor prokaryotic : proficient at covering food and oxygen into energy ancestor eukaryotic : engulf prokaryotic thereby will merge this engulfed prokaryotic will evolved into organelles such as mitochondria where as chloroplast will develop through similar endosymbiotic parnership

Question 34

pathway of endsymbiosis theory :

Answer 34

-ancestor prokaryotic -infolding plasma membrane (nucleus forming) -endosymbiosis(aerobic bacterium , cynobacterium) -ancestor eukaryotic