ch 4 part 1 reviews Flashcards
chapter 4 :
cells
The smallest part of you
cell
Organisms are Made of :
cells
cells :
The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life
unicellular and multicellular are organism (true or false)
true
who says “observed cells using a microscope and name them cells “and when __________
Robert Hooke in 1665
cell theory is one of the ____________theories in _______________and one that is universally accepted by all biologist the theory states that :
-unifying
-biology
-all living organism are made up of one or more cells
-all cells arise from other preexiting cells
Most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye
Studying Cells
Microscopes
Instrument that magnifies an object
magnifaction function :
makes small object look larger
resolution :
the ability to distinguish detail
types of microscopes :
Light microscopes
electron microscopes
eggs :
some of the largest cells
Every cell on earth falls into one of two categories:
-prokaryotic
-eukaryotic
prokaryotic :
1-cells that do not have nucleus and organelles
2-first cell on earth
example : bacteria and archaea
eukaryotic
organelle , nuclear membrane
cells with internal compartments called ___________
organelle
plasma membrane in prokaryotic :
encloses cell , contain :
DNA
ribosome
cytoplasm
cytosol
jelly like fluid inside cell
DNA :
one or more loop containing genetic info
ribosome
granular body in the cytoplasm that covers genetic info into protein structure
cell wall
protects and give a shape for the cell
capsule
protective outer coating
pilus
hair like projection that helps cell to attach to other surfaces and sometimes play role in DNA transfer
flagellum
flij aal m
flag ellum
whip like projection
that aids in cellular movement
eukaryotic :
~10,000X larger than prokaryotic cells
nucleus contain the cell’s DNA
organelle : membrane bound compartments with specialized function
two catagories of eukaryotic :
-animal
-plan
Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells-final :
structure not found in plant cell= animal:
centriole
structure not found in animal cell=plant :
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole
occasionally found in animal :
vacuole
Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells theory :
endosymbiosis theory
نظرية التعايش الداخلي
N doh sym be yo sis
endo symbiosis
endosymbiosis theory
Provides explanation for the origin of
two types of organelles : mitochondria , chloroplast
Endosymbiosis :
two organisms living together with one inside the other
pathway of endosymbiosis :
ancestor eukaryotic : DNA , plasma membrane
ancestor prokaryotic : proficient at covering food and oxygen into energy
ancestor eukaryotic : engulf prokaryotic thereby will merge
this engulfed prokaryotic will evolved into organelles such as mitochondria where as chloroplast will develop through similar endosymbiotic parnership
pathway of endsymbiosis theory :
-ancestor prokaryotic
-infolding plasma membrane (nucleus forming)
-endosymbiosis(aerobic bacterium , cynobacterium)
-ancestor eukaryotic
