ch 4 part 1 reviews Flashcards

1
Q

chapter 4 :

A

cells

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2
Q

The smallest part of you

A

cell

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3
Q

Organisms are Made of :

A

cells

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4
Q

cells :

A

The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life

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5
Q

unicellular and multicellular are organism (true or false)

A

true

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6
Q

who says “observed cells using a microscope and name them cells “and when __________

A

Robert Hooke in 1665

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7
Q

cell theory is one of the ____________theories in _______________and one that is universally accepted by all biologist the theory states that :

A

-unifying
-biology
-all living organism are made up of one or more cells
-all cells arise from other preexiting cells

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8
Q

Most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye

A

Studying Cells

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9
Q

Microscopes

A

Instrument that magnifies an object

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10
Q

magnifaction function :

A

makes small object look larger

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11
Q

resolution :

A

the ability to distinguish detail

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12
Q

types of microscopes :

A

Light microscopes
electron microscopes

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13
Q

eggs :

A

some of the largest cells

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14
Q

Every cell on earth falls into one of two categories:

A

-prokaryotic
-eukaryotic

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15
Q

prokaryotic :

A

1-cells that do not have nucleus and organelles
2-first cell on earth
example : bacteria and archaea

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16
Q

eukaryotic

A

organelle , nuclear membrane

17
Q

cells with internal compartments called ___________

A

organelle

18
Q

plasma membrane in prokaryotic :

A

encloses cell , contain :
DNA
ribosome
cytoplasm

19
Q

cytosol

A

jelly like fluid inside cell

20
Q

DNA :

A

one or more loop containing genetic info

21
Q

ribosome

A

granular body in the cytoplasm that covers genetic info into protein structure

22
Q

cell wall

A

protects and give a shape for the cell

23
Q

capsule

A

protective outer coating

24
Q

pilus

A

hair like projection that helps cell to attach to other surfaces and sometimes play role in DNA transfer

25
Q

flagellum

flij aal m

flag ellum

A

whip like projection
that aids in cellular movement

26
Q

eukaryotic :

A

~10,000X larger than prokaryotic cells
nucleus contain the cell’s DNA
organelle : membrane bound compartments with specialized function

27
Q

two catagories of eukaryotic :

A

-animal
-plan

28
Q

Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells-final :

A

structure not found in plant cell= animal:
centriole
structure not found in animal cell=plant :
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole

29
Q

occasionally found in animal :

A

vacuole

30
Q

Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells theory :

A

endosymbiosis theory
نظرية التعايش الداخلي

N doh sym be yo sis

endo symbiosis

31
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

Provides explanation for the origin of
two types of organelles : mitochondria , chloroplast

32
Q

Endosymbiosis :

A

two organisms living together with one inside the other

33
Q

pathway of endosymbiosis :

A

ancestor eukaryotic : DNA , plasma membrane
ancestor prokaryotic : proficient at covering food and oxygen into energy
ancestor eukaryotic : engulf prokaryotic thereby will merge
this engulfed prokaryotic will evolved into organelles such as mitochondria where as chloroplast will develop through similar endosymbiotic parnership

34
Q

pathway of endsymbiosis theory :

A

-ancestor prokaryotic
-infolding plasma membrane (nucleus forming)
-endosymbiosis(aerobic bacterium , cynobacterium)
-ancestor eukaryotic