Medical Terminology 3 (M-Z) Flashcards
1
Q
Mandible
A
Lower Jaw Bone.
2
Q
Maxillae
A
Upper jaw bone.
3
Q
Meconium Staining
A
Amniotic fluid that is greenish/brownish rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation. Indication of distress.
4
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline.
5
Q
Medical Director
A
Physician who assumes responsibility for patient care of the EMS system.
6
Q
Metatarsals
A
Foot bones.
7
Q
Mid-axillary Line
A
A line from the middle of the arm pit to the ankle.
8
Q
Mid-clavicular Line
A
Line through the center of each clavicle.
9
Q
Midline
A
Line down the center of the body, dividing it into right/left halves.
10
Q
Minute Volume
A
Amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by number of breaths per minute.
11
Q
Mottling
A
A blotchy appearance - Sometimes occurs in patients who are in shock.
12
Q
Multiple casualty incident (MCI)
A
Emergency involving multiple patients.
13
Q
Musculoskeletal System
A
Bones, joints and muscles.
14
Q
Negligence
A
Something that should have been done was not or was done incorrectly.
15
Q
Nervous System
A
Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Coordinates body’s response.
16
Q
Nitroglycerin
A
Drug that helps dialate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood.
- Used in chest pain patients.
- Should not be given in patients with BP under 100 systolic.
17
Q
Occlusion
A
Blockage of an artery by fatty deposits.
18
Q
Occlusive Dressing
A
Dressing that forms an air tight seal.
19
Q
Off-line medical direction.
A
Standing orders issued by medical director that allow EMTs to do things without speaking to him.
20
Q
On-line Medical Direction
A
Orders given by on duty physician to an EMT over phone or radio.
21
Q
Oral Glucose
A
Glucose (sugar) given by mouth to the awake patient with an altered mental status and history of diabetes.
22
Q
Orbits
A
Bony structure around the eyes (eye socket)
23
Q
OSHA
A
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
24
Q
Oxygen
A
o2 used as a drug to the hypoxic patient.
25
Pancreas
Gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin that assist in digestion of food. (regulates blood sugar level)
Alpha cells secrete hormone glucagon in response to low blood sugar levels, glycogen is broken down to glucose.
Beta cells secrete insulin - in response to high glucose levels.
26
Paradoxical Motion
When flail segment and rest of chest move in opposite directions.
27
Partial thickness burn
2nd degree, involving dermis.
reddening and blistering
28
Pathogens
Organisms that cause infection (viruses/bacteria)
Can be blood borne or airborne.
29
Penetrating trauma
Injury caused by an object that passes through the skin/body.
30
Perfusion
Supply of oxygen to, removal of waste from, the body's cells and tissues as a result of blood flow.
31
Placenta
Organ of pregnancy where exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste occurs between mother and fetus.
32
Placenta Previa
Placenta is formed in an abnormal location that will not allow for a normal delivery.
33
Pneumonia
An infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses an fungi.
34
Pneumothorax
Air in the chest cavity.
35
Posterior
Back of the body or body part.
36
Preeclampsia
Complication of pregnancy - women retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension (High BP)
37
Preschool age
3-5 years of age
Vitals: HR = 80-120/min
Respirations = 20-30/min
Systolic BP = 80-110
38
Pressure Dressing
Dressing applied tightly to control bleeding.
39
Priapism
Persistent erection of the penis that may result from a spinal injury and some medical problems.
40
Primary Assessment
To discover and treat life threatening problems. 6 parts of primary are:
- General Impression
- Mental Status
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Determine priority of patient
41
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Umbilical cord presents first and its squeezed between the vaginal wall and baby's head.
42
Prone
Lying face down.
43
Protocols
List of steps for assessment and interventions to be performed.
44
Proximal
Closer to the torso.
45
Pulmonary Arteries
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
46
Pulmonary Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs.
47
Pulmonary Embolism
A dangerous condition were a blood clot, air or fat tries to go through these blood vessels but gets stuck and blocks an artery in the lungs.
48
Pulse Quality
Regular or irregular and strong and weak.
49
Puncture Wound
Open wound that tears through skin and destroys underlying tissue.
50
Radial Artery
Artery of the lower arm.
51
Radius
Lateral bone of forearm.
52
Reassessment
Procedure for detecting changes in a patients condition.
53
Recovery position
Lying on the side, also called lateral recumbent.
54
Renal Failure
Loss of kidneys ability to filter there blood and remove toxins and excess fluid.
55
Respiratory Distress, Failure and Arrest
Distress: Increased work of breathing.
Failure: Reduction of breathing to the point were o2 intake is not sufficient to support life.
Arrest: Breathing stops.
56
Respiratory Quality
Normal or abnormal and shallow - labored - noisy
57
Respiratory System
```
Consist of:
Nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
Bronchial tube
Lungs
```
-Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
58
Rule of nines
Estimates burn percentage.
59
Rule of palm
Method estimating extent of burns.
60
Ryan white care act
establishes procedures by which emergency response workers may find out if they have been exposed to life threatening infectious diseases.
61
Scapula
Shoulder Blade
62
School Age
6-12 Years
Vitals: HR = 70-110/min
Respirations = 20-30/min
Systolic BP = 80-120
63
Scope of practice
Defines the scope or extent and limits of the EMTs job.
| *What you can do.
64
Seizure
Sudden change in sensation / behavior or movement.
| Caused by brains electrical activity.
65
Signs and symptom
Sign is objective - something you see, hear, feel or smell.
| Symptom is subjective - You cannot observe but the patient feels or tells you about.
66
Signs of shock
Altered mental status
pale, cool, clammy
Nausea/vomiting
Vital sign changes
67
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
When a lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause.
68
Stages of death
```
Denial - Not Me
Anger - Why Me
Bargaining - Okay, but first...
Depression - Okay, But I haven't...
Acceptance - Okay
```
69
Stages of stress
Alarm reaction
stage of resistance
Exhaustion
70
Standard of care
Care that is expected to be provided by an EMT.
| -How you should do it.
71
Standard precautions
Form of infection control - BSI
72
Standing Order
Authorizes EMT to perform particular skills in curtain situations.
-Without speaking to med director.
73
Status Epilepticus
Prolonged seizure or situation when person suffers two or more seizures without regaining full consciousness.
74
Stridor
High pitched sound from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway.
75
Stoma
Permanent surgical opening in the neck through when the patient breaths.
76
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
| Average = 60ml per contraction.
77
Sucking chest wound
Open chest wound which air is sucked into chest cavity.
78
Superficial Burn
1 degree burn, only involving epidermis.
| -Reddening, sometimes swelling.
79
Superior
Toward the head.
80
Supine
Lying flat on back.
81
Syncope
Fainting.
82
Tarsals
Ankle Bones.
83
Tension Pneumothorax
Air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.
84
Tibia
Medial and larger bone of the lower leg.
85
Tidal Volume
Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.
86
Toddler
1yr-36 months (3yrs)
Vitals: HR 80-130/min
Respirations: 20-30/min
Systolic BP = 70-100
87
Tracheostomy
Surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube.
88
Thorax
The chest.
89
Tuberculosis
Infection that mostly settles in the lungs.
Highly contagious
Can be fatal
90
Ulna
Medial bone of forearm.
91
Universal Dressing
also called a bulky dressing
| Used for profuse bleeding or if wound is large - also good for stabilizing objects.
92
Vein
Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart.
93
Venous Bleeding
Bleeding from a vein - dark red or maroon blood usually steady easy to control flow.
94
Ventricles
Lower chambers of the heart
right-oxygen poor blood to lungs
left-oxygen rich blood to body.
95
Vertebrae
```
33 bones of the spinal column.
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
```
96
Zygomatic Arches
Cheek bones.
97
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
| HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus)
AIDS = set of conditions that result when the immune system is attacked by HIV and unable to combat certain infections.
98
4 primary diseases of concern:
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Tuberculosis (TB)
HIV/AIDS
99
Ventricular Fibrillation & Ventricular Tachycardia
Hearts electrical impulses are disorganized preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally.
Heartbeat is rapid - to rapid can cause chambers not to fill enough.
100
Tendons vs ligaments
Muscle to bone
vs
Bone to bone
101
Pulmonary Edema and Pedal Edema
Fluid in the lungs
and
Fluid in the feet/ankles.
102
Bradycardia and Tachycardia
Slow heart rate - usually below 60 beats per minute
| Fast heart rate - usually above 100 beats per minute
103
Comminuted Fracture
Greenstick Fracture
Angulated Fracture
- Broken in several places.
- Incomplete Fracture.
- Segments fractured at an angle of each other.
104
Embryo & Fetus
The baby from fertilization to 8 weeks of development.
Baby from 8 weeks to birth.
105
Breech Presesntation + Limb Presentation
When the baby's buttocks or both legs appear first during birth.
When an infants limb protrudes first.
106
Hepatitis B+C
Infection causing inflammation of the liver.
- Acquired through contact with blood or other body fluids.
- Can live for many days in dried blood.
- Can be very deadly.
107
Auscultation & Palpation
```
Auscultation = Listening
Palpation = Touching or feeling
```
108
Libel VS Slander
False Information,
Libel - Written
Slander - Verbal
109
Peripheral Pulses & Central Pulses
Peripheral - Radial, brachial, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis.
Central Pulse - Carotid and femoral
110
Pediatric vs Geriatric
Pertaining to patient who has yet to reach puberty.
Older patients typically 65 or older
111
systolic bp + diastolic bp
Systolic = pressure created in the arteries when left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation.
Diastolic = Pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling.
112
Emergency Move
Urgent Move
Non-urgent move
Emergency - Moves without spinal precautions such as situations with fire, explosives, hazmat and electrical.
Urgent - Performed with spinal precautions in cases dealing with heat/cold or difficulty breathing, also a rapid extrication procedure.
Non-Urgent - No immediate threat to life.
113
Visceral Pain
Parietal Pain
Tearing Pain
Referred Pain
Visceral Pain - Poorly localized, dull pain
Parietal Pain - Localized, intense pain
Tearing Pain - Sharp pain, feelings of tearing
Referred Pain - Felt in location other than were it originated.
114
Ingested
Inhaled
Absorbed
Injected
Ingested - Swallowed
Inhaled - Breathing in
Absorbed - Through skin
Injected - By needle or teeth
115
Uppers & Downers
Stimulants such as amphetamines that excite the user.
Depressants - used for a more relaxed state of mind.
116
Dressing vs Bandage
Material used to cover a wound that helps control bleeding and prevent contamination.
Material used to hold a dressing in place.
