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Medical Terminology 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

A1, A2, B1, B2

A

A1: Smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction.

Will increase the arterial Blood pressure do to vasoconstriction.

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2
Q

Abbreviations + Brand Names

A 
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitrobid, NTG)
Nitrous Oxide (Nitronox)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
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3
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline.

-Lifting the arm out to the side.

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4
Q

Abnormal Respiratory Sounds

A 
**Page 378 Table 16-1**
Snoring
Gurgling
Stridor
Coughing
Wheezing
Crackles (rales) 
Rhonchi
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5
Q

Acid base buffer system

A

CO2+H20 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3

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6
Q

Acidosis vs Metabolic Acidosis

A

Acidosis - Caused by over abundance of acid in the blood.

Metabolic acidosis - Loss of bicarbonate from the blood.

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7
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

Sudden reduced blood flow to the heart - produces chest pain.

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8
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

-Lowering the arm to the side of the body.

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9
Q

Analgesic

A

To reduce or relieve pain.

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10
Q

Anaphylactic Histamine Response

A

When toxic chemicals enter, the body releases large amounts of histamine, the body can’t handle large amounts so it releases epinephrine to counteract and de activate allergic reaction.

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11
Q

Anatomical Planes

A

Frontal or cornal: Divides front and back.
Sagittal: Divides left and right.
Transverse or horizontal: Divides upper and lower.

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12
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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13
Q

APAP (Acetaminophen) concern

A

Primary concern is liver failure, if overused.

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14
Q

Apex

A

Tip of a structure

apex of the heart points downward

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15
Q

APGAR

A 
Appearance 
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations

Based on 0-1-2

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16
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

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17
Q

Arteries/Veins

A

Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
* Most cases blood is oxygenated except for pulmonary artery, which pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Veins: Carry blood back to the heart.
* Most cases blood is not oxygenated except for pulmonary veins, which bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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18
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

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19
Q

Base

A

The lower part of a structure

-The bases of the lungs rest against the diaphragm

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20
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Medications used primarily to manage cardiac arrhythmias and to protect the heart from heart attacks.

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21
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A 
Inferior/superior vena cava
Right atrium through tricuspid valve
Right ventrical
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Returned by pulmonary vein
Left atrium through bicuspid valve
Left Ventricle
Aorta
To body
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22
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the bronchioles

as in asthma

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23
Q

Burns

A 
Superficial (1st)
Partial thickness (2nd)
Full thickness (3rd)
Adult: 
Chest 9 
Abdomen 9 
Upper back 9
Lower back 9
Front legs 9
Back legs 9
Head 9 
Front Arm 4.5
Back arm 4.5
Genitals 1 
Child:
Stomach/Chest 18
Back 18
Head 18
Front legs 7
Back legs 7
Front arm 4.5
Back arm 4.5
Genitals 1
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24
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Once inhaled it binds with the hemoglobin and prevents oxygen carrying capacity.
-Organs with the highest oxygen demand are effected first (brain etc.. which accounts for the headache, dizziness and confusion)

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25
Q

Cardiology paper specs

A 
1 little box: .04 sec
1 big box (5 little): .20 sec
"    5 of these      ": 1 sec
PR Interval: 0.12 - 0.20 sec
QRS Width: 0.04 - 0.12
Paper Speed: 25mm/sec
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26
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood and blood vessels that provide blood access to tissues/ organs for gas exchange and nutrients.

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27
Q

Capnography

A

Normal: 35-45 mmHg

Represents the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air.

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28
Q

Cellular Hypoperfusion

A

Shock

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29
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord.

Nerve tissues that control the activities of the body.

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30
Q

Cervical

A

Pertaining to the neck

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31
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissue that provides structure and strength to the body.

-Bones, Cartilage, Adipose tissue (fat)

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32
Q

CPOD - CHF - Asthma

A

COPD- Progressive lung diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis and non reversible asthma.

CHF- Condition effecting the pumping power of the hear muscle. Stage in which fluid builds up around the heart causing it to pump inefficiently.

Asthma- Spasms in the bronchi - diff breathing, airway swells, inflames and produces extra mucus.

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33
Q

Corneal Reflex

A

Simplest way to check responsiveness

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34
Q

Decorticate + Decerebrate

A

Decorticate: stiff with arms bent, fist clenched, legs out straight. Arms bent in towards body.

  • Brain problems
  • Increased pressure

Decerebrate: Arms legs out straight, toes downward, head/neck arched back.

  • Brain problem (drugs, bleed, tumor)
  • Head injury
  • Stroke
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35
Q

Deep

A

Toward the inside of the body.

Muscles are deep in reference to the skin

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36
Q

DKA Signs

A

Altered mental status
Tachycardia
Kussmaul Respirations ( Deep and labored )

-Usually associated with metabolic acidosis

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37
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs maintained despite evidence to the contrary.

-having special powers

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38
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Hyperglycemic diabetic emergency in which patient suffers from dehydration, acidosis and electrolyte imbalance.

Manage:
Supportive measures (airway)
Large amounts of isotonic IV fluids (18G preferred)
Check lung sounds for fluid overload

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39
Q

Diaphoresis

A

excessive sweating

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40
Q

Difficulty breathing diagnosis

A

COPD: includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Usually caused by cigarette smoking.
Destruction of lung tissue, decreased diameter of airway, decreased alveolar surface for gas exchange, mucus build up is common.

CHF: Coronary artery disease (decreased blood flow to the heart muscle) usually have congested lungs from fluid build u, water retention.

Asthma: Inflammation of bronchioles, airways narrow, usually results from allergic reaction or hypersensitivity. (Albuterol - metered dose inhaler or small volume nebulizer)

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41
Q

Distal

A

Away from the midline or point of reference

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42
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

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43
Q

Duoneb vs duodote

A

Duoneb: Albuterol and Iprotropium Bromide.
-Small volume mask nebulizer (Inhalation)
-Albuterol=2.5mg in 3ml
Ipratropium Bromide= 500mcg OR 125-250 mpg via neb

Duodote:Pralidoxime Chloride and Atropin.
-IM Auto injector.
Atropine= 2.1mg/0.7ml
Pralidoxime Chloride= 600mg/2ml

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44
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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45
Q

Einthovens Triangle (Leads)

A

Lead 1: Right to left
Lead 2: right to down
Lead 3:Left to down

RA= WHITE
LA= BLACK
RL= GREEN
LL= RED
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46
Q

Electrical path through the heart

A
  • SA Node
  • Atria contract and AV Node sends impulse via
  • Conduction pathways (bundle of his)
  • Ventricles then contract - pump out blood
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47
Q

Epiglottis Symptoms

A

Diff breathing
recent history
drooling

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48
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizures of unknown etiology

-Sporadic electrical storms in the brain.

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49
Q

Epinephrine Production

A

Produced by the adrenal glands.

Causes increase in HR/BP and muscle strength

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50
Q

Extension

A

Strengthening a joint to move 2 parts further apart.

51
Q

FAST (stroke)

A

Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech
Time

52
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint to bring two parts closer together

53
Q

GCS (Glasgow coma scale)

A

Eye opening - 4
Verbal Response - 5
Motor Response - 6

Eyes
Spontaneous 4
Verbal command 3
To pain 2
None 1
Verbal
Oriented 5
Disoriented 4
Inappropriate 3
Incomprehensible 2
None 1
Motor 
Obeys command 6 
Localizes pain 5
Withdraws from pain 4
Decorticate 3
Decelerate 2
None 1
54
Q

GI System

A

Consist of stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessary organs.

55
Q

H’s

A 
Hyper/Hypoglycemia
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hyper/Hypokalemia
Hydrogen Ions (acidosis)
56
Q

Hallucination

A

Sensing things while awake that appear to be real

57
Q

Head Bleeds

A

Causes : Trauma, Tumors, Aneurysm, Blood disorders

58
Q

Heat Stroke

A

Hot, dry, flushed skin

59
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Protein molecule in RBC’s that carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissue and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

60
Q

Hepatitis (A-B-C)

A

A- Virus that can infect liver, usually goes away on its own, usually spread through fecal matter.

B- Liver disease, usually spread through blood, semen, vaginal fluid.

C- Liver disease, lives in the liver cells, usually spread by blood (needles etc.) sypmtoms could last awhile.

61
Q

Hemostasis

A

To stop bleeding or flow of blood.

62
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of dynamic equilibrium maintained by the body through processes of feedback and adjustment.

63
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.

64
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Increased potassium in the blood

65
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low level of oxygen

66
Q

Inferior

A

Below

-My knee is inferior to my pelvis

67
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

Fluid in the blood vessel, made up of blood cells and serum (water, clotting factors, chemicals and electrolytes)

68
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

An obstruction of blood flow to the portion of the brain

69
Q

Kidneys

A

Main function is to filter blood, removes waste, control fluid balance, regulates electrolytes.

70
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

Regular, deep, rapid respirations in the bodys attempt to compensate from metabolic acidosis in DKA.

*Trying to increase carbon dioxide elimination.

71
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side, away from the midline

72
Q

Leading cause of death in children

A

Unintentional injuries / accidents

73
Q

Lethargic

A

Being drowsy, sluggish, tired, lack of energy

74
Q

MAP

A

++Mean arterial pressure++
Term used to describe an average blood pressure.
Normal= 60-70mmHg

75
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

76
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid, or when kidneys don’t remove enough acid.

77
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical processes that allow the body to grow, reproduce, and repair itself and respond to its environment.

78
Q

Microdrip vs macrodrip

A

Micro- More, 60 gtt/ml

Macro- Less, 10, 15, 20 gtt/ml

79
Q

Midline

A

Vertical line separating body into left and right halves.

80
Q

Minute volume

A

Tidal volume x respiratory rate.

81
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Consist of three sub-types of muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

82
Q

Negligence

A

Failure to provide proper care to an individual for whom they are responsible.

83
Q

Oropharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the oral cavity

84
Q

Orthopedics

A

Branch of medicine dealing with disorders of musculoskeletal system

85
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous bones

86
Q

Oxygen percentage

A

Fore every 1 lpm you get a 4% increase in oxygen

87
Q

Pancreas

A

Regulates blood sugar levels

88
Q

Patient refusals

A

Most common cause of abandonment

89
Q

PEEP

A

Positive end expiratory pressure, pressure in the lungs above atmospheric pressure. Oxy peep most important factor is PEEP pressure, start at 5 cmH2O

90
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac around the heart.

91
Q

PH Levels

A

Neutral PH = 7
Normal Level = 7.35-7.45
Above= Alkalotic
Below= Acidotic

92
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air within the chest cavity

93
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

94
Q

Principle types of shock

A

Hypovolemic
cardiogenic
obstructive
Distributive: Septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic

95
Q

Proximal

A

Near the midline or point of reference

-Elbow is proximal to the hand.

96
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

Blockage of an artery in the lungs

97
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Brings oxygen rich blood back to the heart

98
Q

Respiratory Distress vs Respiratory Failure

A

Distress- difficulty breathing resulting in increased effort to maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation.

Failure- Inability to maintain adequate oxygenation, insufficient to support life.
**Altered mental status and skin signs = failure.

99
Q

Rules for rhythm interpretation

A

P wave: Present? Upright? Look the same? one P for every QRS?
PR Interval: Less than or equal to 0.2 Seconds?
QRS Complex: Narrow? Less than or equal to 0.12 seconds?
Rate: Between 60-100? Above? Below?
Regularity: QRS Complex evenly spaced? is there a pattern to the irregularity?

100
Q

Sepsis vs septic shock

A

Sepsis= bodys toxic response to infection

Septic shock= Accompanied by low blood pressure

101
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments:

Bones= Provide body with structure and protection.
Tendons= Connective tissue connecting bones to muscle.
Ligaments= Connective tissue connecting bones to bones
102
Q

Skin Colors

A 
Pink= normal
Blue= Lack of perfusion, cyanotic
Pale= poor perfusion, possible shock
Flushed= possible fever 
Jaundiced= severe liver disease
Mottled= deep shock
103
Q

SLUDGEM

A 
Salvation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric Upset
Emesis
Muscle twitching
104
Q

Spinal Column

A 
Consist of 33 vertebrae:
Cervical:7
Thoracic:12
Lumbar:5
Sacral:5
Coccyx:4
105
Q

Stroke patient

A

Most important thing is to transport without delay

106
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the outer surface of the body

107
Q

Superior

A

Above

108
Q

T’s

A 
Trauma
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis
Thromboembolism (PE)
109
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing

110
Q

Tidal volume

A

Lung volume of normal volume of air displaced between inhalation and exhalation.

approx.: 500ml

111
Q

Thrombosis

A

Condition of blood coagulation or clotting

112
Q

Types of shock

A

Hypovolemic: Hemorrhage/fluid loss from N/V/D, burns
Cardiogenic: Acute MI (Most common) dysrhythmias
Distributive:
*Septic: overwhelming infection
*Anaphylactic: Anaphylaxis
Neurogenic: Trauma, lesions/tumors
Obstructive: Massive pulmonary embolism (most common), tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade

113
Q

Vasodilation

A

Dilation of blood vessels

114
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the front

-sternum is on the ventral aspect of the body.

115
Q

Vitals

A

.

116
Q

White Paper

A

1966 Accidental death and disability.

-Marks the beginning of modern EMS

117
Q

6 rights for medication administration

A 
**D-D-D-P-R-T**
Drug
Dose
Documentation
Patient
Route
Time
118
Q

Delusion & Hallucination

A 
Delusion= A false belief despite evidence to the contrary 
Hallucination= Hearing or feeling things that aren't there. (perceptions of a sensation)
119
Q

Urinary/Renal System + Nephrons

A

System consist of kidneys, bladder, ureters.
Purpose is to eliminate waste from the body.
Nephrons- Filters blood

120
Q

A-fib vs V-fib

A

A-Fib= Abnormal pacemakers in the atria, results in irregular pulse.

V-Fib= lethal cardiac rhythm were the ventricles are chaotic and does not produce contraction of the heart.

121
Q

P Wave / QRS Waves / T wave

A

P Wave: Atrial Depolarization
QRS Waves: Ventricular Depolarization
T Wave: Ventricular Repolarization

122
Q

Abdominal Quadrant Anatomy

A

RUQ: Liver, kidney, pancreas, gall-bladder
LUQ: Liver kidney, pancreas, spleen, stomach
RLQ: Appendix, Intestine, ureter
LLQ: Intestines, ureter

123
Q

Becks Triad & Cushing’s Triad

A

Becks Triad: JVD, Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, all comprise the classic signs of pericardial tamponade.

Cushing’s Triad: Increased systolic BP with a widened pulse pressure and bradycardia, in combination with irregular breathing and altered mental status.

Advanced EMT (27 decks)

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