mediastinum

Question 1

mediastinum borders

Answer 1

superiorly tghoracoc outlet
inferiorly diapghram
anteriorly sternum
posteriorly vc

Question 2

at the sternal angle

Answer 2

mediastinum division
tracheal bifurication
pulmonary trunk divsion
arch of the azygous vein
the end of the ascending aorta
the beginning and end of the arch of aorta
the beginning of teh descending thoracic aorta

Question 3

superior mediastinum contents

Answer 3

eso, trachea, large arteries and veins, thoracic duct, remenant of thymus, sympathetic trunks

Question 4

anteri0or mediatsinum contents

Answer 4

few lymph nodes , loose connective tissue, sternopericardial ligaments , mediastinal bramches of internal thoracic artery, sometimes degenerated or remains of thymus gland

Question 5

middle mediastinum contenst

Answer 5

1 - T h e p e r i c a r d i u m
2 - T h e h e a r t
3 - T h e a s c e n d i n g a o r t a
4 - T h e l o w e r h a l f o f t h e s u p e r i o r v e n a c a v a
5 - T h e t r a c h e a l b i f u r c a t i o n a n d b o t h m a i n b r o n c h i
6 - T h e p u l m o n a r y t r u n k a n d r i g h t a n d l e f t p u l m o n a r y
a r t e r i e s a n d v e i n s
7 - T h e r i g h t a n d l e f t p h r e n i c n e r v e s
8 - T h e d e e p p a r t o f t h e c a r d i a c p l e x u s
9 - T h e t r a c h e o b r o n c h i a l l y m p h n o d e s .

Question 6

posterior mediastiunum contents

Answer 6

1-The descending thoracic aorta
2-Hemiazygos
3-Accessory azygos veins
4-sympathetic chains
5-splanchnic nerves
6-Vagus nerves
7-The azygos
8-The esophagus
9-The thoracic duct
10-lymph nodes

Question 7

right brachiocephalis is formed by

Answer 7

right subclavion and right internal jugular

Question 8

rbv begins at the

Answer 8

posteriro to the right clavicle at the medial end

Question 9

rbv compared to the lbv is more

Answer 9

shorter and more vertical

Question 10

lbv journey

Answer 10

it moves towards the right side passing in an inferior direction to form the superior vena cava posteriro to the lower edge of the first cc ont the right side

Question 11

the lbv is more ehat compared to the rbv

Answer 11

longer and more horizantal

Question 12

superior vena cava carries blood from the

Answer 12

head neck upper limbs

Question 13

superior vena cava journey

Answer 13

begins at the posteriro lower edge of the right first cc
penetrates teh pericardium posterior to the lower edge of the 2nd right cc
and it terminates and penetrates the heart at the level of the 3rd right cc

Question 14

azygous vein formation

Answer 14

right ascending lumbar vein and right subcostal

Question 15

azygous vein passes from the

Answer 15

aotic opening

Question 16

azygous vein journey

Answer 16

goes up to T5 arches forward on the root of the right lung at the level of teh sternal angle and empties into the superior vena cava posteriorly before the superiro vena cava penetrates the pericardium

Question 17

azygous vein tributaries

Answer 17

lower eight righjt intercostal veins
mediastinal veins
right superiro intercostal veins
superior and inferior hemiazygous bveins

Question 18

inferiro hemiazygous formatons

Answer 18

left ascending lumbar vein and left subcostal vein

Question 19

inferior hemiazygous ascends through what structure

Answer 19

left crus of diaghpram

Question 20

inferior hemiazygous journey

Answer 20

at the leevl of T8 it joins teh azygious vein

Question 21

tributariesof inferiro hemiazygous

Answer 21

mediastinal veins
lower left intercostal veins
posterior intercostal 9,10,11

Question 22

superiro hemiazygous union

Answer 22

posteriro intercostal veins 4-8
joins teh azygous vein at tehlevel of T7

Question 23

aorta parts

Answer 23

ascending descending arch abdominal aorta

Question 24

ascending aorta begins at the

Answer 24

base of the LT

Question 25

the ascending aorta ends at the

Answer 25

level of sternal angle

Question 26

the ascending aorta is enclosed by

Answer 26

fiborous pericardium

Question 27

ascending aorta branches

Answer 27

right and left coronary arteries

Question 28

arch of aorta ending and begiining

Answer 28

sternal angle

Question 29

branches of arch of aorta

Answer 29

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 30

arch of the aorta i present to the lft or right of trachea

Answer 30

left

Question 31

brachiocephalic trunk ks present to teh left or right of trachea

Answer 31

right

Question 32

behind what joint to the right does the brachiocephalic trunk divide ino

Answer 32

right sternocalvicular joint

Question 33

branches of brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 33

right common carotid right subclavion artery

Question 34

arch of aorta left common carotid artery journey

Answer 34

upwrad to the left of trchea and enters teh neck at the left sternoclavicular joint

Question 35

arch of aorta left subclavion

Answer 35

upwrad to thelaft of tracha and esophagus enters teh root of the nck and arches over the apex of the left lung

Question 36

descendibng thoracic aorta

Answer 36

• Begins: sternal angle
• Runs downward in the posterior
  mediastinum
• Then forward and medially to reach
  the anterior surface of the vertebral
  column
• Ends: 12th thoracic vertebra
  through the aortic opening

Question 37

descending aorta branches

Answer 37

• Posterior intercostal arteries:
  to the lower nine intercostal
  spaces
• Subcostal artery
• Pericardial arteries
• Esophageal arteries
• Bronchial arteries

Question 38

pulnmoary trunk descriotion

Answer 38

Begins: upper part of
the right ventricle and
runs upward,
backward, to the left
* about 2 inches
* Ends: concavity of the
aortic arch

Question 39

pulmonary trunk branches

Answer 39

• Right pulmonary
  artery
• Right behind the
  ascending aorta
  and superior vena
  cava to enter the
  root of the right
  lung
  ⚫ Left pulmonary artery
  ⚫ left in front of the descending aorta to enter the root
  of the left lung

Question 40

ligamentum arteriosum vonnects what two things

Answer 40

aortic arch to the left pulmonary trunk
in emvryo ductus arteriosus

Question 41

right vagus nerve info

Answer 41

posterior to the eso
posterolateral to the brachiocephalic artey
lateral to trachea
posterior to the huglim of the lung
vagys nerve penetrates tehdiaphragm
phreniuc nerve stiops at it
left vgaus nerve anterior to the esophagyus
phrenic nerve anterior to the highlim of the lung
right recurrent laryngeal will hook over the right subclavion artery
left recurrent will hook over the aortic arch under he ligamentum arteriosium