joints of the lower limb

Question 1

hip joint type

Answer 1

synovial ball and socket

Question 2

hip joint articular heads

Answer 2

head of femur and lunate surface of acetabulum

Question 3

what deepens the hip joint?

Answer 3

the fibrocartilaginous ring called acetabular labrum

Question 4

the hip joint capsule proximmally

Answer 4

margins of acetabulum

Question 5

the hip joint capsule distally

Answer 5

intertrochantaric line and the bases of greater and lesser trochantar

Question 6

blood supply of the head of femur

Answer 6

mainly supplied by the branches of the femoral and obturator arteries
medial andlateral circumflex femoral arteries
branch of obturator artery it traverses the ligament of the head of femur

Question 7

the main ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 7

illiofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral

Question 8

illiofemoral ligament action

Answer 8

prevents the hyperextension of the hip joint when standing

Question 9

pubofemoral ligament action

Answer 9

limits the extension and abduction

Question 10

ischiofemoral ligament action

Answer 10

limits extension

Question 11

the name of the ligament of the head of femur

Answer 11

ligamentum teres

Question 12

is the ligamentum teres weak or strong in strengtheining the hip joint?

Answer 12

weak

Question 13

the actetabular notch is closed off by?

Answer 13

the E transverse acetabular ligament

Question 14

knee joint description

Answer 14

K n e e J o i n t
Is the most complicated joint in the body
Consists of two condylar joints between: The medial and lateral condyles of the femur and The condyles of the tibia
and a gliding joint
between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
Note that the fibula is not directly involved in the joint.
Type
The joint between the femur and tibia is a
synovial joint of the hinge variety, but
some degree of rotatory movement is possible.
The joint between the patella and femur is a synovial joint of the plane gliding variety

Question 15

lockinmg mechNISIM

Answer 15

When standing, the knee joint is ‘locked’ which reduces the amount of muscle work needed to
maintain the standing position

The locking mechanism is achieved by medial rotation of the femur on the tibia
during extension. Medial rotation and full extension tighten all the associated ligaments

The extended knee medially rotated is said to be in the
locked position
Before flexion of the knee joint can occur, it is essential that the major ligaments be
untwisted to permit movements between the joint surfaces.
This unlocking or untwisting process is accomplished by the popliteus muscle, which laterally rotates the femur on the tibia and start flexion

Question 16

popliteus muscle origin

Answer 16

lateral surface of the lateral condyle of femur

Question 17

popliteus muscle insertion

Answer 17

the potserior surface of tibia above the soleal line

Question 18

action of popliteus muscle

Answer 18

lateral rotates the femur on tibia at athe start of flexion which slackens the ligaments of the knee joint

Question 19

ligaments of the knee joint are divided into

Answer 19

extracapsular and ibntracapsular

Question 20

extracapsular ligaments

Answer 20

the medail and lateral collateral ligaments ,the obliques popliteal ligament, patellar ligament

Question 21

patellar ligament

Answer 21

it attaches to the tuberosity of tibia

Question 22

the lateral collateral ligament

Answer 22

it is a cordlike ligaments that attaches from the lateral condyle f femur to the head of fibula

Question 23

the medial condyle ligament

Answer 23

it is a flat band that attaches to the medial condyle of femur to the medial surface of shaft of tibia and ataches itself to the medial meniscus

Question 24

the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 24

it is a tendinous expansion from the semi membranosous muscle at it strengthens teh posterior aspect of the capsule

Question 25

what ligamnts are the main bond between tibia and femur?

Answer 25

cruciate ligaments

Question 26

intracapsular ligaments are

Answer 26

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 27

anterior cruciate ligament description

Answer 27

it is atatched to the anterior intercoondyler area of tibia
it passses upward, backword and laterally and attaches itself to the medial usrface of the lateral condyle of femur
t prevents the posterior displacemnt of femur on tibia

Question 28

posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 28

it is attached to the posterior intercondyler area of tibia.
it passes upward , forward and medially annd attaches itself to the lateral surface of the medial condyle of femur
prevents the anterior displacement of femur on tibia

Question 29

menisci description

Answer 29

Cs fibrocartillage it is atached to the upper surface of tibia by the naterior and posterior horns
it acts as a cushion betweeen the two bone sand it deepens the articular surfaces of thetibial condyle thatw ill recive the convex of the dfemoral condyle

Question 30

ankle joint type

Answer 30

synovial hinge joint

Question 31

ankle joint ligaments

Answer 31

medial or deltoid and lateral ligament

Question 32

ankle joint articular bones

Answer 32

the lower end of tibia, fibula, the two malleloi and the body of talus

Question 33

movement of the nakle joint

Answer 33

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion