Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT > MCAT Respiratory system and the skin > Flashcards

MCAT Respiratory system and the skin Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Tiny sacs, with walls only a single cell thick, found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree.

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___ are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Very small air tubes in the respiratory system. The walls of the __ are made of smooth muscle to help regulate air flows

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal fluid to help regulate ventilation rate.

A

Central chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A layer of connective tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The __ contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and glands for the skin

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The primary muscle of inspiration.

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The __ is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle ( and can therefore be voluntarily controlled), these stimulation’s occur autonomously

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____states that the amount of gas that will dissolve into liquid is dependent on the partial pressure of that gas as well as the solubility of that gas in the liquid

A

Henry’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is a layer of fat located under the dermis of the skin that helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures

A

Hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three main functions of the larynx?

A
  1. Its rigidness ensures that the trachea is held open (provides an open airway)
  2. The epiglottis folds down to seal the trachea during swalling, directs food to the esophagus
  3. This is where the vocal cords are found (voice production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___are receptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate ventilation rate

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura)

A

Pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The pressure in the space between the lung surface and the inner wall of the chest cavity.

A

Pleural pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ is negative with respect to atmospheric pressure; this keeps the lungs stuck to the chest cavity wall

A

Pleural pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs, particularly dangerous if it impedes gas exchange. Common cause are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection in the respiratory system

A

Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A drop in blood pH due to HYPOVENTILATION and a resulting accumulation of CO2

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A rise in pH due to HYPERVENTILATION and a resulting decrease in CO2

A

Respiratory alkalosis

19
Q

An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) that reduces surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls

A

Surfactant

20
Q

This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together, thus reducing the effort required for inspiration

A

Surfactant

21
Q

___ cell secrete surfactant

A

Type 2 alveolar cells

22
Q

The part of the respiratory system designed only to allow gas to enter and exit the system is called the __

A

conduction zone

23
Q

Air pathway

A

Nose -> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli

24
Q

Why is there no gas exchange in the conduction zone?

A

The smooth muscle of the walls of the terminal bronchioles is too thick to allow adequate diffusion of gases

25
Q

From the nose all the way to the bronchioles, the epithelial cells are all___

A

tall columnar cells

26
Q

The ___, ___, and the ___ are involved in gas exchange

A

alveoli, alveolar ducts, and the smallest bronchioles

27
Q

___ reduces surface tension on the alveoli and helps them avoid collapsing

A

Surfactant

28
Q

Each lung is surrounded by two membranes

A
  1. parietal pleura: lines inside of chest cavity

2. visceral pleura: lines the surface of the lungs

29
Q

What 6 steps occur during inspiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens (moves downward)
  2. The volume of chest cavity expands
  3. Pleural pressure decreases, becoming more negative
  4. Lungs expand outward
  5. Pressure in the alveoli become negative
  6. Air enters lungs and the alveoli
30
Q

At the beginning of inspiration, the pleural pressure___

A

decreases, sucking the lungs open

31
Q

___ is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with normal light breathing and is equal to about 10 percent of the total volume of the lungs

A

Tidal volume (TV)

32
Q

What are the principle chemical stimuli that affect ventilation rate?

A

Increased pCO2
decreased pH
decreased pO2

33
Q

____ are found in the medullary respiratory control center and monitor pCO2 and pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

Central chemoreceptors

34
Q

___ are located in the aorta and the carotid arteries and monitor the pCO2, pH, and pO2 of the blood

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

35
Q

During an allergic attack ___ release histamine which causes bronchoconstriction

A

Mast cell

36
Q

___ does the opposite of histamine, it increases ventilation by causing airway smooth muscle to relax (bronchodilation)

A

Epinephrine

37
Q

The epidermis is composed of ___cells

A

stratified squamous epithelial cells

38
Q

Mitosis of epidermis cells occurs here and the newly divided cells move up towards the surface of the skin

A

Stratum basale

39
Q

__helps make the skin waterproof

A

KEratin

40
Q

___are sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous glands

41
Q

____ are oil glands in the skin

A

Sebaceous glands

42
Q

Sweat glands are responsive to the hormone__

A

aldosterone

43
Q

People living in hot climates must sweat alot, how does aldosterone help?

A

They have high amounts of aldosterone which helps conserve sodium, their sweat doesn’t waste alot of salt

MCAT (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions