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MCAT > MCAT Biology Digestive System > Flashcards

MCAT Biology Digestive System Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Enzymes secreted by the mucosal cells lining the intestine.

A

Brush border enzymes

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2
Q

Pepsinogen-secreting cells found at the bottom of the gastric glands of the stomach

A

Chief cells

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3
Q

A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats.

A

Cholecystokinin (CKK)

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4
Q

__ promotes the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and reduces stomach motility

A

Cholecystokinin (CKK)

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5
Q

A type of lipoprotein; the form in which absorbed fats from the intestines are transported to the circulatory system

A

Chylomicrons

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6
Q

One of the main pancreatic proteases it is activated by trypsin

A

Chymotrypsin

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7
Q

The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract.

A

Circular smooth muscle

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8
Q

When the __ the tube dameter of the digestive system is reduced

A

Circular smooth muscle

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9
Q

The __ controls secretion and motility within the GI tract, and is linked to the Central nervous system

A

Enteric nervous system

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10
Q

A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of food

A

Enterogastrone

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11
Q

__ causes a decrease in the rate at which chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

A

Enterogastrone

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12
Q

A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (From the pancreas) to trypsin

A

Enterokinase

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13
Q

A hormone released by the G cells of the stomach in the presence of food

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

___ promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of HCL, pepsinogen, and mucus

A

Gastrin

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15
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands found along the respiratory and digestive tracts that secrete mucus

A

Goblet cells

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16
Q

The sphincter that separates the final part of the small intestine (ileum) from the first part of the large intestine (the cecum)

A

Ileocecal valve

17
Q

The __ is kept closed typically to keep chyme in the small intestine as long as possible

A

Ileocecal valve

18
Q

The __ is stimulated to relax in the prresence of food in the stomach

A

Ileocecal valve

19
Q

The final (approximately 55%) of the small intestine

A

Ileum

20
Q

Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph

A

Lacteals

21
Q

The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract is __

A

Longitudinal muscle

22
Q

When the longitudinal muscle of the GI tract contracts __

A

the tube shortens

23
Q

Also known as the cardiac sphincter, this marks the entrance to the stomach

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

24
Q

The layer of the epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment

A

Mucosa

25
Q

A network of neurons between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the gut; it helps regulate gut motility. Part of the enteric nervous system

A

Myenteric plexus

26
Q

The main duct of the pancreas. This carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (duodenum)

A

Pancreatic duct

27
Q

Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factors (for absorption of vitamin B12)

A

Parietal cells

28
Q

A protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands

A

Pepsin

29
Q

__ is secreted in its inactive form and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of the enzymes in the body function best at neutral pH’s

A

Pepsin

30
Q

A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube, pushing substances along the tube

A

Peristalsis

31
Q

The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

32
Q

A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH. It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer

A

Secretin

33
Q

The valve controlling the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

A

Sphincter of Oddi

34
Q

The portion of the digestive tract that stores and grinds food. Limited digestion occurs here

A

Stomach

35
Q

The pH here is 1-2

A

Stomach

36
Q

A network of neurons found in the submucosa of the gut. It helps to regulate enzyme secretion, gut blood flow, and ion and water flow in the lumen. It is part of the enteric nervous system

A

Submucosal plexus

37
Q

The main protease secreted by the pancreas; __ is activated by enterokinase, and subsequently activates other pancreatic enzymes

A

Trypsin

MCAT (45 decks)

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