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MCAT > MCAT Psychology PArt 3 > Flashcards

MCAT Psychology PArt 3 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

A tropic hormone produced by the anteiror pituitary gland that targets the adrenal cortex, stimulating it to release cortisol and aldosterone

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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2
Q

A person’s visible emotion in the moment

A

Affect

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3
Q

The most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by severe memory impairment

A

Alzheimers disease

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4
Q

An inability to form new memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

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5
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by serious behavior problems beginning in adolescence, including significant aggression agaisnt people or animals, property destruction, lying or theft

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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6
Q

A disorder characterized by intense, frequent, and uncontrollable anxiety

A

Anxiety disorder

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7
Q

A disorder characterized by feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, and undesirability, and a preoccupation with fears of criticism

A

Avoidant personality disorder

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8
Q

Means of recording and feeding back information about autonomic responses to an individual in an attempt to train the individual to control previously involuntary responses

A

Biofeedback

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9
Q

A disorder characterized by cyclic mood and episodes of depression and mania

A

Bipolar disorder

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10
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by a preoccupation with a slight physical anomaly or imagined defect in appearance

A

Body dysmorphic disorder

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11
Q

A disorder characterized by enduring or recurrent instability in impulse control, mood, and image of self and others

A

Borderline personality disorder

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12
Q

A disorder characterized by a change in sensory or motor function that has no discernible physical or physiological cause

A

Conversion disorder

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13
Q

Steroid hormone released during chronic stress.

A

Cortisol

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14
Q

Prolonged release of this is associated with suppressed immunity and increased illness

A

Cortisol

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15
Q

A disorder that is similar to bipolar disorder but the moods are less extreme

A

Cyclothymic disorder

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16
Q

A false belief that is not due to culture, and is not relinquished despite evidence that it is false

A

Delusion

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17
Q

A disorder characterized by a need to be taken care of by others and an unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of himself or herself

A

Dependent personality disorder

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18
Q

A disorder characterized by a recurring or persistent feeling of being cut off or detached from one’s body or mental processes, as if observing one’s self from the outside

A

Depersonalization disorder

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19
Q

A disorder characterized by psychosis in the form of inappropriate affect, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

A

Disorganized-type schizophrenia

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20
Q

A disorder characterized by at least one episode of suddenly forgetting some important personal information, usually related to severe stress or trauma

A

Dissociative amnesia

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21
Q

A disorder characterized by a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors being separated from conscious awareness and control, and not explainable as mere forgetfulness

A

Dissociative disorder

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22
Q

A disorder in which someone goes on a journey, during which he or she cannot recall personal history prior to the journey

A

Dissociative fugue

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23
Q

A disorder characterized by alternating between multiple personality states

A

Dissociative identity disorder

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24
Q

A disorder characterized as a less intense, less chronic form of depression

A

Dysthymic disorder

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25
Q

A disorder characterized by tension or axiety much of the time about many issues but without the presence of panic attacks

A

Generalized anxiety disorder GAD

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26
Q

A false sensory perception that occurs while a person is conscious (not during sleep or delirium)

A

Hallucination

27
Q

A disorder characterized by a strong desire to be the center of attention

A

Histrionic personality disorder

28
Q

A disorder characterized by one or more depressive episodes, in which a person has felt worse than usual for most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks

A

Major depressive disorder

29
Q

An experience of an abnormal euphoric, unrestrained, or irritable mood

A

Manic episode

30
Q

A person’s sustained internal emotion that colors his or her view of life

A

Mood

31
Q

A disorder characterized by a peristent pattern of abnormal mood serious enough to cause significant personal distress

A

Mood disorder

32
Q

A disorder characterized by grandiosity, and inflated sense of self

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

33
Q

A disorder characterized by repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts and repeated physical behaviors that are done in response to an obsession

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

34
Q

A disorder characterized by clinically important pain affected by psychological factors

A

Pain disorder

35
Q

A disorder characterized by panic attacks cued by certain situations or occur frequently and unexpectedly

A

Panic disorder

36
Q

A disorder characterized by mistust and misinterpretation of others’ motives and actions and suspicion or harm or betrayal

A

Paranoid personality disorder

37
Q

A disorder characterized by psychosis in the form of hallucinations and/or dellusions, usually related to certain theme

A

Paranoid-type schizophrenia

38
Q

A movement disorder caused by the death of dopamine-releasing cells

A

Parkinson’s disease

39
Q

A disorder characterized by enduring, rigid set of personality traits that deviates from cultural norms, impairs functioning, and causes distress

A

Personality disorder

40
Q

A strong unreasonable fear that almost always causes either general anxiety or a full panic attack

A

Phobia

41
Q

Disorder characterized by re-experiencing a traumatic event through flashbacks or nightmares

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

42
Q

Disorder in which the criteria for schizophrenia are no longer met, but some symptoms are still present in milder forms

A

Residual-type schizophrenia

43
Q

Occurs when one is unable to recall information that was previously encoded

A

Retrograde amnesia

44
Q

A disorder characterized by the combination of mood and psychotic symptoms

A

Schizoaffective disorder

45
Q

A disorder chracterized by little interest or involvement in close relationships, even those with family members

A

Schizoid personality disorder

46
Q

A disorder that is chronic and incapacitating and is characterized by psychosis and impairment in functioning

A

Schizophrenia

47
Q

A disorder characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia present for a period of one to six months, during which the symptoms may or may not have interfered with functioning.

A

Schizophreniform disorder

48
Q

A disorder characterized by constricted or inappropriate affect, magical, or paranoid thinking, and odd beliefs, speech, behavior, appearance, and perceptions

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

49
Q

An unreasonable, paralyzing fear of feeling embarassed or humiliated while one is watched by others

A

Social phobia

50
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by a variety of physical symptoms over an extended time period

A

Somatization disorder

51
Q

A disorder characterized primarily by physical symptoms and concerns, but the symptoms are not explainable medically and do not improve with medical treatment

A

Somatoform disorder

52
Q

A persistent, strong, and unreasonable fear of a certain object or situation

A

Specific phobia

53
Q

A disorder characterized by the basic criteria for schizophrenia, but symptoms that do not fit into one of the other subtypes

A

Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia

54
Q

Lack of motivation___

A

avolition

55
Q

___ is the term for decreased or absent speech

A

Alogia

56
Q

___ suggests that while genetic inheritance provides a biological predisposition for schizophrenia, stressors elicit the onset of the disease

A

Stress-diathesis theory

57
Q

__ suggest that the pathway for the neurotransmitter dopamine is hyperactive in people with schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis

58
Q

Depression has been linked to diminished functioning in pathways in the brain that involve the neurotransmitters __,___,and__

A

dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

59
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is a ___

A

cortical disease, affects the cortex

60
Q

Alzheimers is caused by the formation of ___

A

neuritic plaques, hard formation of beta-amyloid protein and neurofibrillary tangles

61
Q

There is some evidence of abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter __ in the hippocampus

A

Acetylcholine

62
Q

PArkinsons’ disease is a movement disorder caused by the death of cells that generate dopamine in the __ and ___

A

basal ganglia and substantia nigra, two subcortical structures in the brain

63
Q

Treatment for parkinsons is ___

A

L-dopa it is a precursor of dopamine and it able to pass the blood-brain barrier

64
Q

___ refers to how something is interpreted by the individual

A

Appraisal

MCAT (45 decks)

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