MCAT Psych (RESEARCH) Flashcards
Self-observation of a phenomenon by researcher or small group of participants.
-Introspection can provide insight into behaviors and occurrences that are difficult to measure
Phenomenological study
Comparisons are made between one group and another to test for differences
Between-subject design
A study design in which data collection or survey of a population or sample occurs at a specific time
Cross-sectional study
A review of many studies to combine results and find an emergent pattern in an area of research
Meta-analysis
Any two types of research methodology are cobined in the same study, such as qualitative and quantitative or between-studies and within-subjects
Mixed methods
A technique used by researchers who wish to make experimental and control groups similar along a set of variables
Randomized block technique
Researchers incorrectly reject the null hypothesis, also known as a false hypothesis
Type 1 error
Researchers accept the null hypothesis when in fact it is false, known as a false negative
Type 2 error
Comparisons are made at different time points for the same group
Within-subjects design
A theory that views society as being in competition for limited resources
Conflict theory
A dominant religious organization that includes most members of a society, and is recognized as the exclusive national religion
Ecclesia
A theory that conceptualizes society as a living organism with many different parts and organs, each of which has a distinct purpose
Functionalism
The elements that serve some function in society, such as laws, morals, values, religions, customs, rituals, and rules that make up society
Social facts
A sociological theory that argues that reality is constructed not inherent.
Social constructionism
A social mechanism or practice that is created and sustained by society
Social construct
A complex of roles, norms, and values organized into a relatively stable form that contributed to social order by governing the behavior of people
Social institutions
A group of people who share a culture and live/interact with each other within a definable area
Society
A system in which companies are privately run, but work closely with the government in forming laws and regulations
State capitalism
A micro-level theory in sociology, which examines the relationship between individuals and society by focusing on communication, the exchange of information through language and symbols
Symbolic interactionism
A form of leadership where power is due to custom, tradition, or accepted practice
Traditional authority
A system in which most of the economy is private with the exception of extensive social welfare programs to serve certain needs within society
Welfare capitalism
The foundational work on ___ explained that material culture changes much faster than non-material culture, which often resists change
Cultural lag
A set of theories describing the process through which societies and cultures have progressed over time
Sociocultural evolution
refers to the fact that changes in total fertility rates are often not reflected in the birth rate for several generations
Population-lag effect
refers to the nature and extent of disease in a population
Morbidity
___refers to the conscious experience of individuals or groups that do not have the resources needed for the social experiences and services that are seen as appropriate to their social position.
Relative deprivation
___refers to the way people are categorized in society; people can be categorized by race, education, wealth, and income.
Social stratification
The visible and invisible rules of social conduct within a society
Norms
The belief that bad things happen to other people, but not to us
Optimism bias
A large group, more impersonal than a network, that comes together to pursue particular activiites and meet goals efficiently
Organization
Cognitive route of persuasion that involves more superficial or secondary characteristics
Peripheral route