MCAT Psych Sociology ALL Flashcards
___ positively reinforces certain behaviors through the use of secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for desirable rewards
Token Economy
Monocular cue where objects in foreground are perceived as moving faster than objects in the background
Motion parallax (relative motion)
An optic illusion in which a series of still photographs presented in rapid succession appear to be moving
Phi phenomenon
Multitasking is affected by __,___ and__
task similarity, task difficulty, and practice
__ is side of brain specialized for visuospatial, emotional, and artistic/music processing
Right hemisphere
____ side of brain is specialized for linguistic and analytical processing
Left Hemisphere
__ occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information
Proactive interference
___ occurs when more recent information interferes with the recall of previously learned information
Retroactive interference
__ describes degree to which a measure or experiment is consistant
Reliability
___ refers to the accuracy of a measure or experiment
Validity
___ emphasizes the diagnosis of physiological causes by physicians and treatment of symptoms using drugs when it comes to mental illness
Biomedical approach to mental illness
Reduced power of religion as religious involvement declines
Secularization
Is the degree to which an individual internalizes and incorporates that religion into their life
Religiosity (religiousness)
Refers to the ability to influence and control others
Power
Refers to whether others perceive power as legitimate
Authority
Scientifically studies individuals in their own communities to learn about culture, norms, and values within an area
Ethnographies
The independent variable is on the __
x-axis
The dependent variable (being tested) goes on __
y-axis
Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that _
difference between two groups may or may not be statistically significant
In the fovea of the eye we have __
- Increased density of cone receptors
- Bright light conditions
- Increased visual accuity
In the peripheral of the visual field we have
Increased density of rod photoreceptors
Dim light condition
Motion perception
-Increased light sensitivity
This Gestalt principle describes how our minds fill in gaps in an image
Principle of Subjective Contours/Reification/Illusory Controus
___ main function is sound processing and transmission of auditory information to the temporal lobe of the brain
Organ of Corti
Monocular depth cue that states closer objects will overlap in front of objects that are further away
Interposition
Monocular depth cue that states highlights and shadows help to give objects the appearance of depth
Light and Shadow
Monocular depth cue that states closer objects show more fine detail than objects that are further away
Texture Gradients
Monocular depth cue that states further objects appear smaller than closer objects of same size
Relative size
Monocular depth cue that states further objects are perceived at a higher distance within a field
Relative height
Monocular depth cue that states distance between parallel lines appear narrower as they become further away
Linear perspective
States that color vision occurs because of opposing responses of three sensory receptors (red-green complex, blue-yellow complex, and black white complex)
Opponent-process theory of color vision
Describes a linear relationship between two values, the r value ranges from -1 to +1 and reflects strength and direction
Correlation coefficient (r -value)
states that specific wavelength frequencies generate vibrations at specific loci on the basilar membrane of the cochlea
Place theory
Hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane are activated by __
high frequency sound
Hair cells at the apex of the basilar membrane are activated by __
low frequency sounds
help us to detect linear acceleration and head positioning. In these are Ca crystals attached to hair cells in viscous gel. If we go from lying down to standing up, they move, and pull on hair cells which triggers AP.
Otolithic organs (Utricle and Saccule)
– space filled with aqueous humour, which provides pressure to maintain shape of eyeball.`
Anterior Chamber
hole made by iris, which determines eye color
Pupil
__results from beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors that are contradicting, or incompatible with personal beliefs
Cognitive Dissonance
__describes how complex social behaviors (mating, aggression, altruism) persist in populations
Evolutionary game theory
____by James Marcia evaluates the psychological progress of individuals based on their level of committment and degree of exploration
Identity development theory
__ describes research subjects acting different from how they normally behave as a result of knowing they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
A microsociological perspective concerned with the interpersonal interactions through which people develop subjective meanings shaping social reality
Symbolic interactionism
In __ the definition of the situation allows people to understand the role of everyone involved in a social encounter so each person acts accordingly
Symbolicm interactionism
__ occurs when the implicit influences of group causes an individual to align his/her thoughts or actions with the group
Conformity
__ describes the degree to which a measure is consistent
Reliability
__ describes the extent to which an experiment is replicable or reproducible
Reliability
__ describes how one’s self-concept (ideas and beliefs about self) is shaped by group membership
Social identity
__ refers to the extent to which an individual perceives himself or herself as a member of a larger collective
Group identification
__ is a functional neuroimaging technique that measures physiological activity in the brain
Positron emission tomography (PET)
___ is a type of conformity in which an individual carries out the orders of an authority figure, even when doing so results in immoral or unethical behavior
Obedience to authority
