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MCAT > MCAT Physics > Flashcards

MCAT Physics Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

The center of mass of an object with a constant density is its__

A

geometric center

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2
Q

An object moving in a circular path is said to execute uniform circular motion if___

A

its speed is constant, NOT VELOCITY

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3
Q

A thermodynamic process in which there is no heat exchange

A

Adiabatic

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4
Q

What is the formula for angular momentum

A

Lmv
L = dstance, measured perpendicularly
m = mass
v = velocity

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5
Q

A completely inelastic collision is an inelastic collision in which the colliding objects stick together afterwards and thus have a single velocity after the collision

A

Completely inelastic collision

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6
Q

A mode of heat transfer in which the medium does not move during the transfer of thermal energy

A

Conduction

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7
Q

If the work done by a force depends only on the initial and final positions of the object that the force is acting on, and not on the particular path between the positions the force is a

A

Conservative force

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8
Q

Gravitational and electric force are__

A

conservative forces

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9
Q

A mode of heat transfer in which the medium moves during the transfer of thermal energy

A

Convection

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10
Q

The percentage of the useful work that a machine does in comparison to its theoretical maximum, or
Work(output) / Energy(input)

A

Efficiency

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11
Q

The product of force and time during which it acts

Impulse = Ft

A

Impulse

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12
Q

Thermodynamic process in which pressure is held constant

A

Isobaric

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13
Q

Thermodynamic process in which the volume is held constant

A

Isochoric

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14
Q

Thermodynamic process in which temperature is held constant

A

Isothermal

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15
Q

The SI unit of work and energy

A

Joule

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16
Q

momentum =

A

mass times velocity

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17
Q

The SI unit of force =

A

Newton 1 N = 1kg x m/s^2

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18
Q

Two objects in thermal equilibrium with the same third object are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Defines temperature as a state function

A

0th law of thermodynamics

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19
Q

The total quantity of energy in the universe is conserved. The energy into and out of a system equals its change in internal energy

change in E = Q - W

A

1st law of thermodynamics

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20
Q

The entropy of a closed system will either stay the same or increase

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

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21
Q

The SI unit of power

A

Watt 1 W = 1 joule per second 1 J/s

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22
Q

Formula for work

A

Work = Fd or Fdcos(theta)

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23
Q

The total amount of work done on an object is equal to the change in the object’s kinetic energy
W = change(K.E.)

A

Work-Energy theorem

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24
Q

Describes a thermodynamic process in which there is no heat exchange

A

Adiabatic

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25
Q

A mode of heat transfer in which the medium does not move during the transfer of thermal energy

A

Conduction

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26
Q

A mode of heat transfer in which the medium moves during the transfer of thermal energy

A

Convection

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27
Q

The magnitude of the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displace. So if the density of the fluid is (Pfluid) and the volume of the object that is submerged is (Vsub), then the magnitude of the buoyant force is given by
Fbuoy = Pfluid x Vsub x gravity

A

Archimedes’ Principle

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28
Q

The lowering of fluid pressure as the flow speed increases; also known as the Venturi effect

A

Bernoulli effect

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29
Q

The statement that follows from the conservation of mechanical energy applied to ideal fluid flow

A

Bernoulli’s equation

30
Q

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object partly or completely submerged in it. If the density of the fluid is (Pfluid) and the volume of the object that is submerged is Vsub, then the magnitude of the buoyant force is given by (Fbuoy = Pfluid x Vsub x gravity)

A

Buoyant force

31
Q

A type of stress applied to an object that decreases its length

A

Compression

32
Q

For ideal fluid flow, the amount of fluid per unit time (the flow rate) passing one point in a flow tube must be the same as the amount passing through another point
f1 = f2
or
A1v1 = A2v2

A

Continuity equation

33
Q

ThThe amount of fluid that flows per unit time; it is equal to the cross-sectional area of the flow tube multiplied by the flow speed F = Av

A

Flow rate

34
Q

A substance that can flow, or more precisely, a substance that cannot withstand a shear stress. But liquids and gases are __

A

fluids

35
Q

The pressure at a point below the surface of a fluid at rest, due to the weight of the fluid above it
Pgauge = Densityfluid x gravity x D (D is depth)

A

Hydrostatic gauge pressure

36
Q

A confined fluid transmits an externally applied change in pressure to all parts of the fluid equally

A

Pascal’s Law

37
Q

The magnitude of the shearing force exerted on an object divided by the area parallel to which it acts

A

Shear stress

38
Q

The unitless ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water

A

Specific gravity

Density of substance/ Density of water

39
Q

The magnitude of the force acting on an object, divided by the area over which it acts.

A

Stress

40
Q

The equation of efflux for a static fluid from a small hole in a large open container:
v = root2gD where D is depth of the hole below the surface of the fluid

A

Torricelli’s result

41
Q

The internal friction of a fluid; an ideal fluid is one whose __ is negligible

A

Viscosity

42
Q

If density of an object is greater than the fluid it is in, the object___

A

will float, and the fraction of its volume that’s submerged is the same as the ratio of its density to the fluids density

43
Q

If an object’s density is 3/4 the density of the fluid it is in, then___

A

3/4 of the object will be submerged

44
Q

The force of surface tensions is

A

surface tension = F/2L

45
Q

A confined fluid will transmit an externally applied pressure change to all parts of the fluid and the walls of the container without loss of magnitude.

A

Pascal’s Law

46
Q

___ is the volume of fluid that passes a particular point per unit time, like how many liters of water per minute are coming out of the fauce.

A

Flow rate

47
Q

Flow rate formula

A 
f = Av
A = cross-sectional area of pipe at any point
v = speed of flow at that point

SI units are m^3/s

48
Q

What are the four satisfactiosn necessary for an ideal fluid under Bernoulli’s Equation?

A
  1. The fluid is incompressible
  2. There is negligible viscosity
    - Viscosity is the force of cohesion between molecules in a fluid; similar to internal friction for fluids
  3. The flow is laminar
    - when the flow is laminar, the fluid flows smoothly through the tube
  4. The flow rate is steady
49
Q

__ is a statement of conservation of total mechanical energy for ideal fluid flow

A

Bernoulli’s equation

50
Q

Bernoulli’s effect tells us that the pressure is lower where__

A

the flow speed is greater

51
Q

What are the three ways stress force can be applied to an object

A
  1. Tension (stretching) force
  2. Compression (squeezing) force
  3. Shear (bending) force
52
Q

The formula for stress =

A

Stress = Force/Area

53
Q

Unit of stress, similar to force is

A

N/m^2 or pascal (Pa)

54
Q

A material with a very low resistivity, which therefore allows charge to flow through it easily. Metals are good__

A

conductors

55
Q

The SI unit of charge, abbreviated C

A

Coulomb

56
Q

The fundamental electric charge (the charge on a proton of the magnitude of the charge on an electron) is defined to be

A

e = 1.6 x 10^-19

1 Coulomb = 6.25 x10^18 protons

57
Q

The law that gives the magnitude of the electric force between two charged objects

A

Coulombs Law

58
Q

An insulating material sandwiched between the plates of a capacitor; a capacitor always has a higher capacitance when this is present

A

Dielectric

59
Q

The force exerted by an electric field; if a charge (q) is in an electric field (E) then the electric force on q is given by the equation

A

F = qE

60
Q

A curve or surface on which the electric potential remains constant

A

Equipotential

61
Q

A material with a very high resistivity that does not permit charge to flow through it easily. Glass and wood are exampls

A

Insulator

62
Q

The SI unit of electric potential and voltage

A

1 Volt (V) = 1 joule per coulomb = 1J/C

63
Q

The difference in electric potential between two points =

A

Voltage

64
Q

___ indicates the ease with which electrons flow within the molecular structure of a material

A

Conductivity

65
Q

__is inversely proportional to a materials resistivity

A

Conductivity

66
Q

__will form an inverted, real image when the reflected object is located outside of the focal length

A

Concave mirrors

67
Q

___will form an upright virtual image when theo bject is placed inside the focal length

A

Concave mirror

68
Q

The focal length of a ___ is positioned in front of the mirror

A

Concave mirror

69
Q

__describes the phenomenon by which real lenses perfectly rounded surfaces do not produce an image at a single point but rather at a series of focal points

A

Spherical aberrations

70
Q

To correct spherical aberrations of a converging lens, you must __

A

decrease the thickness of periphery lens to decrease the refraction of light

71
Q

__describes the failure of a lens to focus multicolored light onto a single point

A

Chromatic dispersion

MCAT (45 decks)

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