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Physiology > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatic portal vein: blood going where

A

From other gi organs to liver

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2
Q

Hepatic veins: blood going where

A

Blood leaving liver

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3
Q

Blood flow sources and % to liver

A

Hepatic portal vein 80%, hepatic artery 20%

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4
Q

Bile: charged what. Bound to what. How much is recycled and made new. Liver needs what to make new bile.

A

Negative. H or Na (acid or salt). 90%. 10%. Cholesterol

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5
Q

Phases of RBC destruction/bilirubin excretion: 5
___ to ___
To __ __
Liver ___ and adds ___ __, now soluble in what
___ excreted with ___

A

Heme to biliverdin (green bruise)
To unconjugated bilirubin (lipid soluble, binds albumin)
Liver conjugates and adds glucaronic acid (water soluble)
Conjugated excreted with bile, dark color

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6
Q

Liver makes how much of daily lymph production

A

50%

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7
Q

Space of disse: what happens here

A

Fluid here becomes lymph

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8
Q

Blood flows from __ __ to __ __ down __ __

A

Portal triad, central vein, sinusoidal capillaries

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9
Q

Basic unit of the liver. Drained by what.

A

Lobule. Central vein

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10
Q

Portal triad composed of what (4)

A

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct, lymphatic vessel

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11
Q

Sinusoids: blood flows from __ region, to __ of ___, to ___ region.

Blood flow here is what.

A

Perilobular, space of disse, centrolobular

Takes 10x longer than rest of capillary

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12
Q

Blood becomes __ __ as head down sinusoid towards central vein. As this happens cells become __ __ active

A

Less oxygenated, less metabolically

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13
Q

High or low for each category:

Perilobular region: oxygen, hormones, glycolysis enzymes

A

High, high, low

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14
Q

High or low

Perilobular region: glucose liberating enzymes, fatty acid oxidation enzymes, fatty acid synthesizing enzymes

A

High, high, low

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15
Q

High or low

Centrolobular region: oxygen, hormones, glycolysis enzymes

A

Low, low, high

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16
Q

High or low

Centrolobular region: glucose liberating enzymes, fatty acid oxidation enzymes, fatty acid synthesizing enzymes

A

Low, low, high

17
Q

Bile travels from __ of hexagon (___) to ___ ___ where its drained

A

Center, lobule, outside corners

18
Q

Bile path:

  1. down ___ duct. 2. Up the __ duct into __ where it waits
  2. __ at meal time when contraction 4. Down __ duct
  3. Into __ __ duct 6. Exits __ of __ into __
A
  1. Hepatic 2. Cystic, gallbladder
  2. Released 4. Cystic
  3. Common bile
  4. Sphincter of oddi, duodenum
19
Q

Bile cannaliculi: what it is, where it is, what it does

A

Space between two hepatocytes with zonula occludens. Creates space to drain waste

20
Q

Bile duct lined with what, what it gives off

A

Bile duct cells, GGT

21
Q 
Overall flow of blood
In from \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ and \_\_ \_\_, 
to \_\_ \_\_ region to \_\_\_ of \_\_, 
To \_\_ \_\_ region, to \_\_ \_\_
Out through \_\_ \_\_
A 
Hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery
Sinusoids/perilobular region
Space of disse
Sinusoid centrolobular region, central vein
Hepatic vein
22
Q 
Carbohydrate metabolism: 
stores \_\_\_. 
Converts \_\_\_ and \_\_ to \_\_ 
\_\_\_\_\_
Form \_\_ \_\_ from intermediate products of carb metabolism
A

Glycogen
Galactose and fructose to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Chemical compounds

23
Q 
Protein metabolism 
\_\_\_ of amino acids 
Forms \_\_\_ for removal of ammonia 
Forms \_\_ \_\_ 
\_\_\_
A

Deamination
Urea
Plasma proteins
Transamination

24
Q 
Fat metabolism 
Oxidation of fatty acids to do what 
Synthesis of \_\_, \_\_, and \_\_\_ 
Synthesis of fat from \_\_ and \_\_ 
CANT make \_\_ into \_\_or \_\_
A

Make ketones, supply energy for other functions
Cholesterol, phospholipids, lipoproteins
Protein and carbs
Fat cant become protein or carbs

25
Q 
Other liver metabolic functions 
Storage for vitamins \_\_, \_\_, and \_\_
Storage of \_\_ as \_\_ 
\_\_ factors 
Remove or excrete \_\_ or \_\_
A

A, D, B12
Iron, ferritin
Coagulation
Drugs and hormones

26
Q

Liver releases __ which joins __ from GI tract in capillaries, where lipoprotein lipase sucks out FA making it ___. Now this product is ___ which goes to __ or __

A

VLDL, chylomicrons
Smaller
LDL, liver or body

27
Q

Cellular level
LDL receptor binds LDL particle, its __, __ breaks down particles to __ acids, __ acids, and __ __ which is released to cell

A

Endocytosed
Lysosome
Fatty, amino, cholesterol ester droplet

28
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum makes __ __ to sit on outside of cell

A

LDL receptors

29
Q

HDL binds excess __ from cells and returns it to __

A

Cholesterol, liver

30
Q

Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
Density pattern
Fat pattern

A

Density Increases left to right

Fat decreases left to right

31
Q

HDL is. Basically what

A

Empty bag

32
Q

As fat is sucked out, lipoprotein particles get ___ but __ increases

A

Smaller, density

33
Q

Two organs that dont drain to liver

A

Kidney and gonads

34
Q

__, __, and __ drain to liver

A

Gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

Physiology (25 decks)

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