Chapter 4 Cell Membrane Flashcards
Hydrophobic molecules: 4
O2, CO2, N2, benzene
Small uncharged polar molecules
H20, urea, glycerol
Large uncharged polar molecules 2
Glucose and sucrose
Glucose has gradient ___ cell
Into
Osmolarity higher in ____ than in ____
Plasma
ECF
Calcium has strong affinity for going ____ cell
Into
Cl has ____ concentration in cell
Phosphate is big anion in ____. Role:
Buffer by moving____ out of cell while moving ____ in
Acidosis:
Low
Cell. Buffering
Potassium, H
Potassium in blood increases
How fluid drawn in from interstitial space
Protein concentration 1 in plasma 0 in ECF (ISF), so draws fluid into ISF
Osmolarity higher in _____ than in ____
Plasma, ECF
Glucose has gradient into _____
Cell
Things to look up
Nernst potential
Osmotic gradient p= mRt
How particles move in facilitated diffusion
Electrochemical gradient
Active transport uses what to push something against its _____
ATP, electrochemical gradient
Secondary active transport usually uses
Something else, usually sodium gradient
Similarities and differences between transporters and channels
Same: selective for what goes through them
Transporters have conformational changes and channels don’t
Know how to use Michaels mentin equation
T = Tmax X s / Tk + S
Method of transport in sodium potassium pump
Primary active transport
What controls number of aquaporins present and how
ADH signals them to cell membrane
Many ligands bind to receptors associated with membrane bound __ ___ to initiate transduction pathways. They react with other membrane bound proteins to activate __ ___ systems.
G proteins, second messenger
Cyclic amp and IP3 are what
Second messengers
What is first receptor and what is second messenger
Ligand receptor is first, G protein is second
How steroid receptors work
Lipophilic and able to go straight through plasma, bind to receptor in cytoplasm, binds to DNA in nucleus, attracts RNA polymerase, and up or down regulates a gene.
Adenylyl cyclase (cAMP) 8
ACTH LH FSH ADH (V2 receptor) PTH Calcitonin Glucagon B-adrenergic agonists
Phospholipase C (IP3-ca) 8
GnRH TRH GHRH CRH Angiotensin II ADH (V1) Oxytocin Alpha adrenergic agonists
Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor 7
Cortisol Estradiol Progesterone Testosterone Aldosterone Calcitriol Thyroid hormones
Tyrosine kinase 3
Insulin
IGFs
GH
Guanylate Cyclase (cGMP) 2
ANP
Nitric oxide
Equation for hydrostatic pressure
P= mRT
Simple diffusion worked for ___ ___ molecules or ___ molecules.
2 examples
Small uncharged molecules or nonpolar molecules
O2 and co2
Facilitated diffusion drawn by ___ ___. Have a ____. Nothing is moving ___ gradient only ____
Electrochemical gradient. Channel. Up. Down
Active transport uses ___ to push something ___ it’s ___ ___
ATP, against, electrochemical gradient
Secondary active transport normally drawn by ___ ___. Uses ___ of something else
Sodium gradient. Energy
Differences and similarities of channels and transporters
Both are selective for what goes through
Only transporters have conformational changes
What is Michaels menten equation
What is S, what is Tk
T= Tmax X S / Tk + S
S= particles trying to get through
Tk= half point
V= ___ X ___ / ____ + ___
Vmax X S /
Kt + S
What max rate of facilitated diffusion is
How it’s different from simple
Simple diffusion is linear, no max
Max
Normal membrane potential
-50 to -70
What affects number of aquaporins
ADH
How hormones have different functions
Nuclear protein receptors
ANP and nitric oxide stimulated by
Guanylate cyclase or cGMP
Insulin, IGFs, and GH signaled by
Tyrosine kinase
Cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, calcitriol, and thyroid hormones stimulated by
Cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
GnRH, TRH, GHRH, CRH, Ang II, ADH (V1), oxytocin, alpha adrenergic agonists a stim by
IP3, Phospoholipase C Gsub2
ACTH, LH, FSH, ADH (V2), PTH, Calcitonin, glucagon, and beta adrenergic agonists stim by
Camp adenyl cyclase, gsub1
