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Physiology > Chapter 1 Fluid > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

What moves through membrane easily (2) and what moves slowly (1)

A

Oxygen and co2

Water

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2
Q

How to calculate total body water

A

Weight in kg times 0.6= L

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3
Q

How much of TBW is intracellular

A

2/3, 40% of body weight

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4
Q

Of TBW how much is extra cellular

A

1/3 or 20%

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5
Q

What comprises extra cellular fluid, and what proportions

A

Interstitial fluid (75% of ECF, 15% TBW)

Plasma/intravascular fluid (25% ECF, 5% TBW)

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6
Q

Half of body weight is

A

Water inside cells

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7
Q

Red blood cells represented by

A

ICF

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8
Q

Plasma/extra cellular cations (2) and anions (3)

A

Na (140), K (5)

Cl- (104), HCO3- (24), A- (14)

A- refers to proteins that are anions

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9
Q

Interstitial fluid cations (2) and anions (2)

A

Na (145) and K (5)

Cl- (117), HCO3- (27)

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10
Q

Intracellular fluid cations (2) and anions (4)

A

K (135) Na (11)

Misc/phosphates (80), A- (54), HCO3- (10), Cl- (8)

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11
Q

Primary ECF cation, primary ICF cation

A

Sodium, potassium

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12
Q

Difference in cations between compartments maintained by what

A

Sodium (3) potassium (2) ATPases. Sodium out potassium in

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13
Q

At arterial end of capillary net force is what, and what happens

A

Higher net hydrostatic pressure +10, pushing out

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14
Q

What happens at venous end of capillary, net filtration

A

Pressure drops, higher net oncotic pressure -8, more pressure pulling back in

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15
Q

Conditions that cause edema

A
  • high hydrostatic pressure venous end that won’t pull solutes back in (CHF-lungs, liver-spleen), right sided HF (feet)
  • decrease oncotic pressure (portal hypertension in liver pts, not making albumin)
  • damage to vessel lining- protein leak
  • anaphylaxis (fluid from ICF to ISF leads to hypotension from vascular volume decrease)
  • can’t drain interstitial fluid- lymph obstruction
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16
Q

Osmotic pressure in mmHg equals

A

Mosmoles/L X 19.3

17
Q

Effect of adding water to ECF

A

ECF osmolarity dilutes, water moves to ICF (cells swell), overall osmolality decreases and volume increases by same amount

18
Q

What happens when adding isotonic saline to ECF (plasma)

A

Osmolality stays the same, fluid stays in ECF, volume of ECF increases

19
Q

What happens when adding hypertonic saline to ECF

A

ECF osmolality increases, fluid flows into ECF. Cells shrink in ICF. Volume of ECF increases and overall osmolality of both increase

20
Q

How to calculate total number of solutes

A

Volume times osmolarity

21
Q

How body generates intake of fluid on its own

A

Glucose plus oxygen makes water (burning fat or carbs) through oxidation

22
Q

RAA System

  1. ___ ____ cells sense a decrease in BP and release ___
  2. __ converts ____ to Angiotensin I
  3. Angiotensin I converts to Angiotensin II via the __ __ __ in ___
  4. Angiotensin II promotes ___ and stimulates____ secretion from adrenal cortex resulting in
  5. __ ___ and ___ retention and an increase in BP
A
  1. Renal juxtoglomerular, renin
  2. Renin, angiotensinogen
  3. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), lung
  4. Vasoconstriction, aldosterone
  5. Renal sodium, water
23
Q

Need ____ to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Angiotensin I converted to II by ___

A

Renin

ACE enzyme

24
Q

RAA system: _____ solves pressure issue, ____ solves volume issue

A

Angiotensin II

Aldosterone

25
Q

High plasma osmolality stimulates ____ secretion. This leads to ___ water ___. This leads to water ____. This ends up with a higher fluid ____ and decreased ____. ____ decreases.

A 
ADH
Decreased excretion 
Retention 
Volume, osmolarity 
ADH
26
Q

Increase in plasma volume leads to ____ ____ detected by atrial ____ cells. Leads to ____ release. This leads to decrease in ___ system, increase ___, and action on proximal tubule to decrease ___ __.

A

Atrial stretching

Endocrine

ANH/ANP

RAA, glomerular filtration rate, decrease Na reabsorption (pee out sodium)

27
Q

What indicator measures compartment of:

TBW

ECF

Plasma volume

A

Antipyrine or tritiated h20, diffuses through all compartments

Insulin, diffuses through plasma and ISF (large molecule can’t cross cell membrane)

Evans blue dye (binds to plasma proteins)

28
Q

Simple squamous found in : 3

A

Blood vessels (endothelium)

Lymph vessels (endothelium)

Body cavities (mesothelium)

29
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous cells found in 2

A

Skin and masticatory oral mucosa

30
Q

Non-keratinized stratified squamous cells found in: 3

A

Esophagus, non-masticatory oral mucosa, vagina

31
Q

Simple cuboidal ex

Stratified cuboidal only in what

A

Thyroid follicles

Sweat ducts

32
Q

Simple columnar: 2

Pseudo stratified: 1

Stratified columnar:

A

Intestine and kidney

Lung

Submandibular gland ducts

33
Q

Connective tissue ex 4

A

Cartilage, bone, vascular, adipose

Physiology (25 decks)

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