CV 4 BP Flashcards
Stroke volume calc
Normal number
LVEDV- LVESV
70 ml
CO calc and normal
SV x HR
5 LPM
EF calc and normal
SV/LVEDV
55-70%
PP Calc and normal
SBP-DBP
40
MAP calc 3 ways and normal
CO x SVR
1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
DBP + 1/3PP
93
Factor that controls heart rate
What 2 things affected by increased HR
Chronotropic
CO and BP increase
What factor controls contractility
If it increases, what increases leading 2 two more things increasing
Inotropic
EF increases which leads to increased CO and BP
SVR leads to ___ decreasing and ___ increasing
CO
BP
CVP increase leads to ___ increase, which leads to ___ increasing, and __ and __ increasing
LVEDV
SV
CO and BP
What polycythemia and anemia do to blood
Poly makes it harder to push blood, more resistance
Anemia makes it easier to push blood
Both from viscosity
Viscosity affect which factor of blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
What happens to HR and which system controls it when BP increases and decreases
Increases- heart rate lowers from PNS
Decreases- heart rate increases from SNS
What bainbridge reflex does
RAP stretch, atrial receptors stimulated, heart rate increases
What baroreceptor reflex does
Increased RAP increases CO and BP. Decrease HR
What happens to HR when we inhale and exhale
Inhale goes up
Exhale goes down
Intrapleural pressure is always ___
While inhaling it becomes
While exhaling it becomes
Negative
More negative
Less negative, more positive
How ventilation affects intrapleural pressure
Open lungs with pressure, pressure will be positive
What more pressure in intrapleural space does to heart
Compresses atria and increases CVP
Increase in preload does what to SV and CO
Increases both
How to increase stroke volume without contractility
Greater preload
More crossbridges
Optimal overlap
More crossbridges from more calcium
What has little effect on contractility
PNS
What cant be directly equated to contractility
Force of contraction
What 7 things affect contractility
SNS Hormones Failure Conditioning Ischemia Infarction
What happens to CVP with SNS stim
What happens to cvp with volume loss and how it compensates
Increases
Decreases quickly, compensate with vasoconstriction of veins
How arteriole can control getting blood
Decides for itself, releases ACE/Ang II and endothelin to vasoconstrict
Tissue blood flow
Who gets most 2
Which vital organs get most
What doesnt get a lot at rest
Liver and kidney- filter blood
Heart and brain, brain gets less than heart per mass
Muscle
3 means of local control of blood flow
Metabolic regulation
Autoregulation/myogenic regulation
Shear stress induced vasodilation
Metabolic regulation of flow controls what and not what
Precapillary sphincter, not arteriole
What autoregulation does
Arterial bp high or low, brain wants and needs constant blood flow
Smooth muscle arterioles constrict when they see high pressure and maintain same flow
How shear stress affects vascular smooth muscle
Blood going faster, feel more shear stress. Translated into NO which causes vessel to relax and get more NO
Where baroreceptors are located and what they respond to
Wall of aortic arch, vagus nerve
Carotid sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve
Changes in stretch
ANP and BNP do what
Tell kidney to dump sodium, decreases overall fluid volume because water follows
Vasopressin action
Vasoconstrictor released from posterior pituitary
Ang II effect
Vasoconstriction made from renin and ace action on angiotensin
Endothelin action
Vasoconstrictor released on endothelium
Epinephrine action and released by what
Vasoactive and cardioactive, adrenal medulla. Constriction and increased BP
ANP action and released by what
Dilator released by heart, causes na loss
3 vasoactive humoral regulators that affect BP in long run
Ang II
Vasopressin
ANP
Vasoconstrictors
3
Norepi
Ang II
Vasopressin
Vasodilator 2
Bradykinin and histamine
3 things that work in seconds to minutes to regulate BP
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Cns ischemic response
Things with intermediate speed to regulate bp
Capillary shift
Renal blood volume
