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Physiology > Cv 2 Vessels > Flashcards

Cv 2 Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

When BP changes in respect to arterioles changing size

A

If 1 changes BP wont change. If all change- constrict, BP up, all relax, bp down

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2
Q

How much relative blood volume in veins

A

2/3

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3
Q

Why high CO is issue in anemia

A

Already low 02, high CO will lead to less time spent for oxygen exchange

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4
Q

Biggest players in vascular resistance and why

A

Arterioles- control flow

Capillaries- small size

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5
Q

Which organs get most flow (Q)

A

Heart 4%, but uses larger proportion of it than brain (gets 13%)

Liver and GI 24%, liver filters

Muscle 21%, increases if running

Kidney 20%, filters

Skin 18%

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6
Q

Which organs use 02 the most VO2

A

Brain, 21%. Uses less than heart per proportion (heart 11%)

Kidney is active, liver and gi average, skeletal muscle average

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7
Q

When running where does CO leave and go to

A

Leaves liver and GI, goes to muscles

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8
Q

How to calculate map:

P___ + (__-___ / ___)

A

Pdiastolic +

Systolic- diastolic
___________________
3

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9
Q

Can never have higher pressure on average higher than where

A

Inside of heart, farther away from hydrostatic pressure and lose it to gravity

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10
Q

Big drop in average pressure where

Small pressure drop

Almost no pressure drop

A

Arterioles

Capillaries

Veins

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11
Q

What is poiseueille’s law

A

R (resistance)=
N (viscosity) x L (tube length) x 8
____________________________
Pi x r (radius) ^4

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12
Q

Relationship to resistance

Radius

Tube length

pressure difference

A

Radius inc- less resistance, dec more resistance

Longer tube will have more resistance

More pressure difference less resistance.

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13
Q

What happens as radius doubles

A

Flow increases to a factor of 16 (r to 4th)

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14
Q

What happens as tube length doubles to flow

A

Flow cut in half, flow= 1/length

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15
Q

Flow= __ x ___ x __

A

Height of column
Density
Acceleration of gravity

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16
Q

What happens when height of one tube twice as high as other

A

Pressure twice as great, twice as much flow

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17
Q

What happens when tubes have same height of fluid (effect on flow)

A

Pressure difference is 0 so flow is 0

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18
Q

Flow in tube with length 1 vs tube with length 2

A

Flow twice as great in flow with length 1

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19
Q

What happens to flow as viscosity doubles

A

Flow cut in half

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20
Q

What happens when we double radius to flow

A

Increase flow by factor of 16

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21
Q

Where radius changes play into effect in physiology

When radius isn’t a limiting factor

A

Small changes in arterioles have big changes in flow and resistance downstream.

When volume isn’t full (flow of blood through vessel is limiting factor)

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22
Q

What happens to viscosity as hct increases

A

Viscosity increases

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23
Q

How SVR impacted by hematocrit

A

Less hematocrit= easier to push= less SVR

Opposite for more SVR

Overall effect of viscosity

24
Q

What impacts viscosity in different areas of the body

What is lowest possible viscosity of blood

A

Size of the vessel

Small tube- rbcs line up better, less viscosity than in larger tube

Same as plasma but has to be higher than that

25
Q

Resistance through network is what in series

A

Same as the sum of the individual resistors

26
Q

Resistance through network is what when in parallel

A

Sum of the reciprocal of the individual resistances

27
Q

Relationship between velocity and area in vessels

A

Velocity is inverse of area

28
Q

Which cross sectional area bigger: aorta or sum of its branches

A

Sum of its branches

29
Q

What happens to velocity as aorta goes into branches

What happens to velocity as capillaries form into veins

A

Velocity decreases, surface area increases

Velocity increases, surface area decreases

30
Q

Purpose of velocity decrease in capillaries

A

Spends more time there, better for diffusion

31
Q

Which is bigger in area:

Veins or arteries

Arterioles or capillaries

Aorta of vena cava

A

Veins

Capillaries

Vena cava

32
Q

Effect of turbulent flow on pressure difference

A

Increase turbulence increases the pressure difference required to create flow (less flow at the same pressure difference as laminar flow)

33
Q

Is flow greater in turbulent or laminar flow overall

A

Small amount bigger in turbulent

34
Q

How laminar flow relates to vascular resistance

A

Lamina nearest wall doesnt move, next layer slides under if, velocity highest in center

Larger tubes have higher mean velocity (more things are further away from the wall)

35
Q

How to calculate reynolds number

A

=
p density x d diameter x v velocity
__________________
N viscosity

36
Q

In a bigger tube more likely it will be turbulent if ___ increasing. Higher ___ means less likely to be turbulent

A

Velocity

Viscosity

37
Q

___ molecules are more likely to be turbulent

A

Bigger

38
Q

Reynolds what= laminar flow, what = turbulent

A

<2000

> 2000

39
Q

How driving pressure changes with low compliance

A

Need twice as much pressure, harder to fill when vessel doesn’t push away and make room

40
Q

How to calculate compliance

A

Change in volume divided by change in pressure

41
Q

What is elastance

How is compliance different

A

How hard something recoils after stretching

Compliance is how hard it is to inflate something

42
Q

What wall of aorta does in systole and diastole

A

Systole distends

Diastole recoils

43
Q

Do you want a fast or slow pulse wave and why

A

Want a slow one, means arteries are more compliant and dont shove all of blood in at once which is what non compliant vessels do

44
Q

Vein and artery compliance comparison

A

Veins more compliant at low pressures, but at high pressures they are similar

45
Q

What increasing pressure in smooth muscle does to compliance in vessel

A

Decreases it

46
Q

How volume, pressure, compliance changes with age

A

Cant push same amount of volume with age, CO decreases because no place for left ventricle to put the blood. Higher pressure and less compliance

47
Q

What happens to compliance as pressures increase

A

Flattens out, less compliant

48
Q

How compliance affects pulse pressure

A

Higher compliance means lower pulse pressure

49
Q

How heart rate affects pulse pressure

Peripheral resistance increases with what

A

Lower hr- higher pulse pressure, diastolic time longer

Higher hr- lower pulse pressure, more output.

Mean pressure increase

50
Q

Tension in wall depends on what

A

Diameter. Bigger diameter means more tension, smaller means more flaccid

51
Q

Tension = what

A

Pressure times radius

52
Q

Transmural pressure is what

A

Pressure inside minus pressure outside

53
Q

Wall thickness ___ with increasing radius

A

Decreases

54
Q

What happens to wall in aneurysm

A

High bp leads to them which leads to bigger radius, wall thinner where stretched with greater tension

55
Q

Why small vessels can handle thin wall

A

Radius small, tension low, pressure low

56
Q

What is flicks law of diffusion

A 
D (diffusion constant)
Times A (area of diffusion)
Times delta P (pressure difference between two sides)
Divided by 
D (distance over which area occurs)

Physiology (25 decks)

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