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Physiology > CV 3 Myocytes And EP > Flashcards

CV 3 Myocytes And EP Flashcards

1
Q

What is pattern of depolarization in heart

A

SA to AV through atria
To bundle of his
To right and left bundle
To purkinje

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2
Q

All different areas of cardiac depolarization what

A

Look more or less alike

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3
Q

P
Q
R
T

A

Atrial depolarization

Depolarization down branch bundles of septum

Ventricular depolarization

Ventricular repolarization

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4
Q

Way ventricle depolarizes

Way septum depolarizes

A

Apex to base

Base to apex

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5
Q 
Ventricle phases 
4
0
1
2
3
4
A

4- resting membrane potential, recovery
0- quick upstroke, na in rapidly
2- calcium in during plateau
3- k flows out, repolarization

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6
Q

What happens to potassium gate when cell depolarizes

A

Closes. Open at rest. Not leak channels

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7
Q

K channels open when what

A

Myocyte repolarizes

Not leak channel

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8
Q

SA node action potential sequence

A

4 Na leaks in

0 Slowly depolarizes in phase 0 (funny current)

Upstroke is influx of calcium once over threshold f

3 K out

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9
Q

Speed of signal going through av node to bundles and why

A

Sloe because fibrous tissue separates atria from ventricles

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10
Q

How sa node and ventriclular action potential charts differ

A

In SA node no 1 and 2, no plateau, just depolarization and repolarization

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11
Q

What happens at -60 mv in sa node

A

Na in faster than k leaving

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12
Q

What happens in funny current

A

Na in slowly depolarizing cell

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13
Q

How funny channels are opened

A

When voltage drops below threshold

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14
Q

How all other channels than funny are opened

A

Voltage above threshold

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15
Q

How to change heart rate through funny current

A

More funny current, depolarize quicker, steeper curve

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16
Q

Slow l type and transitory calcium channels result in what

A

Calcium channel open, comes in cell, depolarization rapid but not as fast as sodium

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17
Q

What forms a dyad

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum and t tubule

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18
Q

What holds myocytes together

A

Macula adherens

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19
Q

Funny current only works where

A

SA node

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20
Q

Which channel responsible for phase 0

Which responsible for calcium moving in

A

Fast sodium channel

Slow L type calcium channel

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21
Q

What is the subunit of the slow l type calcium channel that opens ___ receptors which contribute to contraction

A

DHP, ryanodine

22
Q

DHP receptor inhibited by what and upregulated by what

A

Diltiazem

Adrenergics

23
Q

Ryanodine located where

Gated by what

Contributes to what

A

SR

Ca

Contraction

24
Q

NCX Exchanger

Where
What ions
Gating
Contributes to what phase

A

Sarcolemma, t tubule
1 Ca 3 Na
Always open
To phase 1 dip, relaxation

25
Q 
SL Ca ATPase
Where
When open
What ion
Contributes to what
A

Sarcolemma
Ca, always open using ATP
Minor contribution to relaxation

26
Q

SERCA/SR Ca ATPase

Where
Ion
When open
What contribution

A

SR
Ca
Always, ATP
Biggest contribution to relaxation

27
Q

Fast na channels

Where they are
What ion
Gating
Contributes to what

A

T tubule
Na
Voltage
Phase 0

28
Q

K1 inward rectifier

Where
What ion
Gating
Contributes to what

A

Sarcolemma
K
Closes with voltage
Phase 4, closes with depolarization

29
Q

K to transient outward

Where
When open
Contributes to what

A

Sarcolemma
Opens with voltage
Contributes to phase 1 dip, closes quickly

30
Q 
Kr rapid delayed K 
Where
What ion 
Gating 
Resp for what
A

Sarcolemma
K
Opens with voltage
Repolarization in phase 3, opens slowly

31
Q 
Ks slow delayed K 
Where
Ion 
Gating
Resp for what
A

Sarcolemma
K
Opens with voltage
Repolarization in phase 3, opens slower than Kr

32
Q 
Na K ATPase
Where
What ions 
Gating 
Contributes to what
A

Sarcolemma
3 na 2 k
Always open using ATP
Na K ATPase, inhibited by digoxin

33
Q 
Phases controlled by what 
0
1
2
3
4
A

Fast sodium

Potassium

Calcium in, K out

Repolarization, K out

K channels open (not leak), hyperpolarized

34
Q

What cause contraction while pumping ca out

A

Delay

35
Q

What you have to do to close ryanodine receptor

A

Pump all of calcium out

36
Q

K1 inward rectifier closes when

A

Cell depolarizes

37
Q

``what goal of transient channel is

A

Keeping contraction from being too long, makes plateau shorter

38
Q

Phase 3 which channels

A

Slow delayed potassium channels

39
Q

Inward rectifier closes when

A

Slightly above nernst potential for K, 30 mv

40
Q

Nernst equation for sodium calcium exchanger

A

61 x log (na out/na in)^3 x (ca in / ca out) mv

41
Q

In phase 4 what is na ca exchanger doing

A

Shoving ca out

42
Q

What is exchanger doing at -7.2 phase 2

A

Pull positive into cell 3 na in 1 ca out

43
Q

How digoxin works and effects sodium calcium exchanger

A

Inhibits sodium potassium pump= na in cell is higher. More negative rmp. Spend more time bringing calcium in, sodium concentration higher

44
Q

What does isoproterenol b adrenergic agonist do

A

Up regulate l type ca exchanger, more ca in and stronger contraction

45
Q

What happens when taking diltiazem

A

Blocks ventricular ca channel, weaker contraction

46
Q

What ca channel blocker does on

L type smooth muscle

Heart

A

Dilation, increase co from less resistance, BP lowers, feel weak

Ca influx to sa node decreases, decrease heart rate. Less force of contraction because less ca in ventricle. Heart rests

47
Q

Lead I

A

Between arms

48
Q

Lead two

A

Arm to opposite leg

49
Q

Lead 3

A

Arm to same side leg

50
Q

Where we get maximum r wave

A

Avf

51
Q

R wave biggest in 1, 2, or 3

A

Lead 2, looks right arm to left leg

52
Q

What is q wave on ekg

A

Septal depolarization

Physiology (25 decks)

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