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Physiology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Thrombosis

Thrombotic event

A

Formation of an inappropriate clot

Reason for forming a clot other than something from intravascular space moving to extra vascular space

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2
Q

Hypoxia vs ischemia

A

Hypoxia is decreased o2 tension in tissue

Ischemia is decreased o2 tension in vessel

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3
Q

Half of blood is what

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Plasma mostly what

7% is what

1% what

A

Water

Plasma proteins

Solutes

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5
Q

Plasma proteins

60%-

35%- and kinds/what they do

4%-

1%

A

Albumin (oncotic pressure)

Globulins (IGG, IGM, IGA), transfer ions/hormones/lipids/immunity

Fibrinogen, essential clotting factor (I)

Regulatory proteins

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6
Q

How much of blood sample is actually blood

What is in Buffy coat/percent

A

45%

1%, platelets and WBC

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7
Q

RBC

__-___ million
____ day life cycle
Shape

A

4.2-6.2
120
Non-uncleared cytoplasmic disc

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8
Q

Leukocytes

Have ___ unlike red cells
___-___ mm3
___ ___ ___ are ___ in structure even though they are immunocytes

A

Nucleus 5-10,000

Natural killer cells, granular

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9
Q

Growth factor that controls process of differentiation

A

G-CSF

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10
Q

PSC releases what for self renewal

Allows it to what

A

SCF, not rely on environment

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11
Q

Where hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis occurs in

Adults

Embryo

A

Red marrow in bone marrow

Spleen and liver

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12
Q

Multi lineage cytokines 3

Single lineage cytokines 3

A

SCF
GM-CSF
IL-6

G/M-CSF
EPO
TPO

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13
Q

Treating with SCF, GM CSF, IL 3, or IL 6 makes a PSC ___ or ___

A

Myeloid or lymphoid

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14
Q

GM CSF, IL 6, IL 3 lead to 3 kinds of stem cells

A

Granulocytes-macrophage stem cells

Megakaryocytic stem cells

Erythropoietic stem cells

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15
Q

GM CSF, G CSF, M CSF lead to 2

A

Granulocyte stem cells

Monocytic stem cells

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16
Q

GM CSF and g CSF LEAD TO 4

A

Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils/mast cells

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17
Q

GM CSF and M CSF lead to 2

A

Monocytes and macrophages

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18
Q

TPO leads to 2

A

Megakaryocytes and platelets

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19
Q

IL 3 and IL 6 lead to 1

A

Lymphocytes

20
Q

PSC to erythrocyte

  1. PSC
  2. Add ___
  3. Committed proeryhtrocyte
  4. Normoblast: ___shrinks/reabsorbed
  5. ____: leaves marrow and enters blood. No ___
  6. Erythrocyte
A

EPO

Nucleus

Reticulocyte, nucleus

21
Q

Increase in hemoglobin= decrease in ____

A

Nucleus

22
Q

Increased reticulocyte % could mean

A

Destroying cells to quickly

23
Q

Which vitamin plays role in DNA synthesis and maturation. What deficiency leads to

A

B12, non functional red cells

24
Q

___ ___ needed to make HGB

A

Amino acids

25
Q

O blood has what on it

Create antibodies against what

A

H antigen

Blood type that you don’t have

26
Q

Which blood type doesn’t make antibodies

A

AB

27
Q

RH - means what

Rh + means what

A

No d protein

D protein

28
Q

Granulocytes mature where

Agranulocyte mature where

Kinds of a granulocytes:
___ leads to ___. ___ leads to __ and __ cells

A

Bone marrow

Blood stream

Monocytes, macrophages

Lymphocytes, b and T cells

29
Q

Thrombocytes

7-10 ___ life span

__-___ mm/3

___ can be used to make them, but ___ essential

A

Day

140,000-340,000

IL6, TPO

30
Q

Platelets have ___ occurring in cell. Why ___ needed

Has ___ granules and ___ granules

Granules contain functional units for __ ___, active units, and ___ factors

A

Functions, mitochondria

Alpha, dense

Growth factors, clotting factors

31
Q

___ granule release has to occur to form a clot

What layer is called to prevent platelet activation

A

Alpha

Calyx

32
Q

____ used as indicator in anemia

A

MCV

33
Q

Aspiration

Doesn’t indicate ___ of ___

Can dx 4

A

Efficiency of activity

Anemia, leukemia, platelet disorders, immunoglobulin disorders

34
Q

Biopsy

Maintains ___ ___

When ___ suggested, ___ marrow, more than 1 __ __ reduced

A

Cell structure

Tumors, fibrotic, cell type

35
Q

Pets

Blood cell count compared to adults

__ml/kg full term neonate vs ___ml/kg adult

A

Higher

85 vs 75

36
Q

Aged RBC

Life span:

Replaced more ___ because of ___

WBC

___ function decreases with age, due to 2

Platelets are more ____

A

Normal

Slowly, iron depletion/less absorp/less binding capacity

Lymphocyte, less T cell function and less responsive humoral system

Sticky

37
Q

Exposure to ___ ___ activates ___

A

Basement membrane, platelets

38
Q

___ stick to ___, how we get adhesions (platelets sticking to ___)

A

GP, VWF, wall

39
Q

VWF released from where

A

Subendothelial matrix

40
Q

Primary hemostasis

2 steps

A

Platelet plug and vasoconstriction

41
Q

Secondary hemostasis

Why goes on here, ___ activated

A

Coagulation cascade, Roman numerals/clotting factors

42
Q

___ __ formed at end of secondary hemostasis

Tertiary hemostasis

What happens

A

Blood clot

Fibrinolysis to break down clot

43
Q

Thrombin starts as ____

Which form in secondary hemostasis, because it is __ by an enzyme

A

Prothrombin, thrombin, cleaved

44
Q

Need __ __ to make clotting factors

What affects this

What heparin does

A

Vitamin k

Warfarin

Blocks factor 10, needed to form clots

45
Q

Intrinsic arm 4

Extrinsic arm

A

Endothelium and subendothelial matrix, platelets, clotting factors

Anything released out of this system. Smooth muscle cell damage

46
Q

___ breaks down ___. Makes ___ which breaks down clot

___ is product of breaking down clot, can be inhibited by ___-1

What shuts down process of plasmin

A

Tpa, fibrin. Plasmin

FDP, PAI-1

Anti plasmin

Physiology (25 decks)

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