Lesson 5B (Part 2)

Question 1

What are sonographic applications for the portal vein? (3)

Answer 1

1. Portal vein hypertension
2. Detect tumor invasion
3. Detect thrombosis

Question 2

Hepatopetal flow

Answer 2

Flow is directed towards the liver

Question 3

Hepatofugal flow

Answer 3

Flow is directed away from the liver

Question 4

What is considered normal flow through the portal vein system?

Answer 4

Hepatopetal flow

Question 5

What is the usual cause of hepatofugal flow in the liver?

Answer 5

Cirrhosis

Question 6

Liver failure

Answer 6

Loss of function of 80-90% of liver cells

Question 7

What are complications of liver failure? (2)

Answer 7

1. Hepatic encephalopathy
2. Impaired protein synthesis
   - serum albumin
   - PTT

Question 8

What can cause portal hypertension

Answer 8

Veins around the scar tissue become obstructed

Question 9

How does hepatic encephalopathy happen?

Answer 9

A build up of toxins in your blood due to loss of function

Question 10

PTT

Answer 10

Amount of time it takes for your blood to clot

Question 11

What is considered normal portal pressure?

Answer 11

5-10 mm/Hg

Question 12

At what pressure do complications arise form portal hypertensiton?

Answer 12

12 mm/Hg

Question 13

What occurs with portal hypertension? (4)

Answer 13

1. Varices
   - little veins around get larger
2. Ascites
   - surrounding fluid
3. Esophageal varices
   - main complication
4. Portal /splenic veins will enlarge

Question 14

What dies high pressure help to create?

Answer 14

Collaterals

Question 15

What do patients with cirrhosis experience?

Answer 15

Rapid growth of scar tissue in the liver

- can lead to obstructions

Question 16

What do porto-systemic collaterals form?

Answer 16

The opening and dilatation of prexisting vascular channels

Question 17

Portosystemic anastomoses

Answer 17

Body connecting the portal system to the systemic system

Question 18

What are the most important portosystemic anastomoses? (2)

Answer 18

1. Gastroesophageal collaterals

2. Esophageal varices

Question 19

Within a week of birth the unbilical vein is obliterated, what ligament does it become?

Answer 19

Round

- ligamentum teres

Question 20

What happens to the round ligament under extreme pressure?

Answer 20

May open to allow passage of blood

Question 21

What does extreme pressure to the rough ligament come from? (2)

Answer 21

1. Cirrhosis

2. Portal hypertension