Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdominal Pathology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

The precise study and diagnosis of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 components of disease?

A
  1. Cause/etiology
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Morphologic changes
  4. Clinical manifestations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sonographers role?

A
  1. Obtain information
  2. Review lab data
  3. Tailor to the exam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do you tailor to the exam?

A

In order to get the best information possible to answer the clinical question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 6 examples of optimizing tools?

A
  1. Depth
  2. Focal zone
  3. Gain
  4. Zoom
  5. TGC
  6. THI
    - harmonics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When can you apply colour doppler?

A

On any abnormal mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a benefit to power doppler?

A

It is more sensitive that colour doppler (motion sensitive)

- can use it when not much colour is shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we look at first to determine if something is bad in a patient? (4)

A
  1. Patient history
  2. Age
  3. Sex
  4. Clinical findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lesion

A

General term describing any type of abnormality seen on imaging

  • lump/bump on the skin or in a solid organ
  • may be cystic or solid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nodule

A

A small mass of rounded or irregular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mass

A

An abnormal growth of tissue resulting from multiplication of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are nodules found? (4)

A
  1. Within organ parenchyma
  2. On tendons
  3. On muscles
  4. On vocal cords
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are nodules found? (4)

A
  1. Within organ parenchyma
  2. On tendons
  3. On muscles
  4. On vocal cords
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can nodules be benign or cancerous?

A

Either

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 synonyms for a mass?

A
  1. Tumour

2. Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can a mass do?

A

It may push or displace surrounding tissue or vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 7 examples of tumour characterization terminology?

A
  1. Consistency
  2. Echogenicity
  3. Echotexture
  4. Contour
  5. Mass effect/invading
  6. Vascularity
  7. Multiple/single
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 3 examples of consistency?

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Mixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Solid consistency

A

Might attenuate, or no enhancement

20
Q

Liquid consistency

A

Posterior enhancement

21
Q

Mixed consistency

A

Both might attenuate, or no enhancement and posterior enhancement

22
Q

What are 4 examples of echogenicity?

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Hyperechoic
  3. Anechoic
  4. Isoechoic
23
Q

What are 2 examples of echotexture?

A
  1. Homogenous

2. Heterogenous

24
Q

What are 2 examples of contour?

A
  1. Irregular

2. Smooth margins or well delineated

25
Q

What are 2 examples of relation to adjacent organs or structures?

A
  1. Mass effect

2. Invading

26
Q

Mass effect

A

Pushing or displacing

27
Q

Invading

A

Moving into another structure

28
Q

When do you get shadowing typically?

A

With calcified structures

29
Q

What can invading cause?

A

Clotting

30
Q

What is another term for hypervascular?

A

Hyperemic

31
Q

How does fat show on a CT scan?

A

Anechoic

32
Q

What kind of artifact occurs with cystic lesions?

A

Posterior enhancement

- through transmission of sound

33
Q

What are 4 characteristics of benign?

A
  1. No vascularity
  2. Peripheral vascularity
  3. Smooth contour or margins
  4. Slow growing
34
Q

What are 6 characteristics of malignant?

A
  1. Highly vascular
  2. Irregular margins
  3. Bulls eye or halo
  4. Rapid growth
  5. History of cancer
  6. What organ it affects?
35
Q

What does multiple solid liver masses-suggest?

A

Metastatic or multifocal disease

- may be benign

36
Q

What is important for interpretation of lesions?

A

Clinical history

  • of malignancy
  • chronic liver disease
  • hepatitis
  • symptoms
37
Q

What does central necrosis look like?

A

Hyperechoic rim with fluid on the inside (anechoic)

38
Q

What does central necrosis mean?

A

The tissue is starting to die

39
Q

What does a bulls eye look like?

A

Hypoechoic rim with a hyperechoic centre

40
Q

What is a good indication of an ominous sign?

A

Hypoechoic halo

41
Q

Acute symptoms (3)

A
  1. Sudden and high pain
  2. Fever
  3. RLQ
42
Q

Chronic symptoms (3)

A
  1. Pain off and on for longer
  2. On treatment for other conditions
  3. LLQ
43
Q

What can RLQ pain be caused from?

A

Appendicitis

44
Q

What can LLQ pain be caused from?

A

Constipation

45
Q

What are examples of secondary signs? (3)

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Fluid
  3. Increased lymph nodes ***

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions