Lesson 4A (Part 2) Flashcards
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Unresorbed polar parenchyma of the kidney during embryological period
- pseudotumor
What does Hypertrophied column of Bertin contain?
Renal cortex
What is the renal cortex continuous with?
Adjacent renal cortex
Where is Hypertrophied column of Bertin located?
At the junction of upper and middle third
What does Hypertrophied column of Bertin demonstrate?
Renal pyramids and usually are < 3cm
What does a demonstration of arcuate arteries with colour doppler indicates?
An HCB, rather than a tumour
What can differentiate between a HCB and a tumou?r
CECT
CECT
Compound enhanced CT
Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect
Normal variant located at the point of fusion of the embryological upper and lower poles
Where is Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect commonly seen?
Right kidney
What does Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect look like?
Triangular shape located at upper to mid kidney
What is Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect also known as?
Interrenuncular junction
Is the exttrarenal pelvis a normal variant?
Yes
Extrarenal pelvis
Renal pelvis lies partly outside of the kidney
What can extrarenal pelvis be confused with?
Early obstruction
What are the 3 sets of kidneys in embryo?
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanephros
Where do the kidneys travel from?
The pelvis to the RUQ
How do the kidneys rotate as they travel?
Medially 90 degrees
When do the pronephroi develop?
Early in 4th week gestation
Pronephroi (2)
- Rudimentary
2. Nonfunctioning
When do the mesonephroi develop?
Late in 4th week
What do the mesonephroi function as?
Interim kidneys
What do the metanephroi function as?
Permanent kidneys
What are the congenital anomalies that are related to growth? (3)
- Hypoplasia
- Fetal Lobulation
- Compensatory Hypertrophy
Hypoplasia
Too few nephrons in a smaller than normal size kidney
What if hypoplasia is unilateral?
No symptoms
What if hypoplasia is bilateral
Renal insufficency
When is fetal lobulation present?
4-5 years of age
When does persistent lobulation occur?
If fetal lobulation doesnt get resolved
Fetal lobulation
Infolding of the cortex without loss of cortical parenchyma
Compensatory hypertrophy
Occurs when existing healthy nephrons enlarge to allow healthy renal parenchyma to perform more work
What does diffuse compensatory hypertrophy occur with? (5)
- Contralateral nephrectomy
- Agenesis
- Hypoplasia
- Atrophy
- Dysplasia
How does compensatory hypertrophy appear on US?
As an enlarged but normal appearing kidney
When does focal compensatory hypertrophy occur?
When residual islands of normal tissue enlarge in a diseased kidney
What is compensatory hypertrophy seen with?
Reflux nephropathy
Can compensatory hypertrophy mimic?
Solid renal mass
