Lesson 4A (Part 2)

Question 1

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Answer 1

Unresorbed polar parenchyma of the kidney during embryological period
- pseudotumor

Question 2

What does Hypertrophied column of Bertin contain?

Answer 2

Renal cortex

Question 3

What is the renal cortex continuous with?

Answer 3

Adjacent renal cortex

Question 4

Where is Hypertrophied column of Bertin located?

Answer 4

At the junction of upper and middle third

Question 5

What does Hypertrophied column of Bertin demonstrate?

Answer 5

Renal pyramids and usually are < 3cm

Question 6

What does a demonstration of arcuate arteries with colour doppler indicates?

Answer 6

An HCB, rather than a tumour

Question 7

What can differentiate between a HCB and a tumou?r

Answer 7

CECT

Question 8

CECT

Answer 8

Compound enhanced CT

Question 9

Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect

Answer 9

Normal variant located at the point of fusion of the embryological upper and lower poles

Question 10

Where is Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect commonly seen?

Answer 10

Right kidney

Question 11

What does Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect look like?

Answer 11

Triangular shape located at upper to mid kidney

Question 12

What is Junctional Parenchymal (cortical) Defect also known as?

Answer 12

Interrenuncular junction

Question 13

Is the exttrarenal pelvis a normal variant?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Extrarenal pelvis

Answer 14

Renal pelvis lies partly outside of the kidney

Question 15

What can extrarenal pelvis be confused with?

Answer 15

Early obstruction

Question 16

What are the 3 sets of kidneys in embryo?

Answer 16

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Metanephros

Question 17

Where do the kidneys travel from?

Answer 17

The pelvis to the RUQ

Question 18

How do the kidneys rotate as they travel?

Answer 18

Medially 90 degrees

Question 19

When do the pronephroi develop?

Answer 19

Early in 4th week gestation

Question 20

Pronephroi (2)

Answer 20

1. Rudimentary

2. Nonfunctioning

Question 21

When do the mesonephroi develop?

Answer 21

Late in 4th week

Question 22

What do the mesonephroi function as?

Answer 22

Interim kidneys

Question 23

What do the metanephroi function as?

Answer 23

Permanent kidneys

Question 24

What are the congenital anomalies that are related to growth? (3)

Answer 24

1. Hypoplasia
2. Fetal Lobulation
3. Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 25

Hypoplasia

Answer 25

Too few nephrons in a smaller than normal size kidney

Question 26

What if hypoplasia is unilateral?

Answer 26

No symptoms

Question 27

What if hypoplasia is bilateral

Answer 27

Renal insufficency

Question 28

When is fetal lobulation present?

Answer 28

4-5 years of age

Question 29

When does persistent lobulation occur?

Answer 29

If fetal lobulation doesnt get resolved

Question 30

Fetal lobulation

Answer 30

Infolding of the cortex without loss of cortical parenchyma

Question 31

Compensatory hypertrophy

Answer 31

Occurs when existing healthy nephrons enlarge to allow healthy renal parenchyma to perform more work

Question 32

What does diffuse compensatory hypertrophy occur with? (5)

Answer 32

1. Contralateral nephrectomy
2. Agenesis
3. Hypoplasia
4. Atrophy
5. Dysplasia

Question 33

How does compensatory hypertrophy appear on US?

Answer 33

As an enlarged but normal appearing kidney

Question 34

When does focal compensatory hypertrophy occur?

Answer 34

When residual islands of normal tissue enlarge in a diseased kidney

Question 35

What is compensatory hypertrophy seen with?

Answer 35

Reflux nephropathy

Question 36

Can compensatory hypertrophy mimic?

Answer 36

Solid renal mass