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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 4C (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 4C (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 8 examples of genitourinary tumours?

A
  1. Renal cell Carcinoma
  2. Transitional Cell Carcinoma
  3. Ureteral Tumors
  4. Bladder Tumors
  5. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  6. Adenocarcinoma
  7. Oncocytoma
  8. Angiomyolipoma
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2
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

A

Cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubules

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3
Q

What is the most common type of renal cell ccarcinoma?

A

Clear cell

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4
Q

What are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma? (4)

A
  1. Acquired cystic kidney disease
  2. Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
  3. Before the advent of imaging- patients presented with advanced metastatic disease
  4. May spread to virtually every organ in the body
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5
Q

RCC

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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6
Q

Wha is the percent of all primary malignant renal parenchymal tumours?

A

86%

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7
Q

Who does RCC affect more?

A

Men

- 50-70 years of age

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8
Q

What is the cause of RCC?

A

Unknown

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9
Q

Patients with what have an increased incidence for RCC?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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10
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms for RCC? (3)

A
  1. Flank pain
  2. Gross hematuria
    - can visually see this
  3. Palpable renal mass
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11
Q

What are symptoms of RCC with the advanced disease? (3)

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Weight loss
  3. Some are found incidentally
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12
Q

What 2 modalities are used to characterize RCC?

A
  1. CT

2. US

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13
Q

What is done is the tumours is large and centrally located?

A

Radical nephrectomy

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14
Q

What are 3 different types of RCC?

A
  1. Clear cell
  2. Papillary RCC
  3. Cystic
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15
Q

What does cystic RCC look like on US? (3)

A
  1. Multilocular cystic
    - with internal septations
  2. Unilocular cystic
    - debris filled, thick walls
  3. Necrotic appearance
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16
Q

What does RCC look like on US? (3)

A
  1. Most are solid
  2. Hypoechoic, isoechoic or hyperechoic
    - majority are isoechoic
  3. May resemble an angiomyolipoma
17
Q

What should be assessed if there is suspected solid renal mass? (3)

A
  1. Renal veins
  2. IVC
  3. Peritoneum
18
Q

What are differential diagnosis for RCC? (5)

A
  1. Transitional cell carcinoma
    - occurs in central kidney
  2. Medullary cancer
    - sickle cell trait
  3. Renal sarcoma
  4. Metastases and lymphoma
  5. Benign tumors
    - renal adenoma
    - oncocytoma
19
Q

What is not possible with imaging tests?

A

To distinguish RCC from benign renal tumours

20
Q

What is the exception with distinguishing with imaging tests?

A

Angiomyolipoma

- CT and MRI detect the fat composition

21
Q

What are the 4 stages of RCC?

A
  1. Tumour is confined within the renal capsule
  2. Tumour invasion of perinephric fat
  3. Tumour involvement of regional lymph nodes
  4. Invasion of adjacent organs or distal metastasis
22
Q

What is the inferior modality for RCC staging?

A

US

- compared to CT and MRI

23
Q

What is helpful in diagnosing thrombosis?

A

Colour doppler

24
Q

What affects the image clarity? (2)

A
  1. Obesity

2. Bowel gas

25
Q

Juxtaglomerular tumour

A

Is an extremely rare kidney tumour in the juxtaglomerular cells that typically secrete renin

26
Q

What does juxtaglomerular tumour cause?

A

Hypertension

27
Q

Who does juxtaglomerular tumour affect most commonly?

A

Young adults

28
Q

Is juxtaglomerular tumour considered benign or malignant?

A

Benign

29
Q

Renal sinus lipomatosis

A

Increased fat in the renal sinus that occurs secondary to the renal parenchyma atrophy or destruction of the parenchyma
- pseudotumour

30
Q

Is renal sinus lipomatosis symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic

31
Q

What is renal sinus lipomatosis associated with? (3)

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Steroid therapy
  3. atrophy
    - during the aging process
32
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of renal sinus lipomatosis?

A

Echogenic sinuses

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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