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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 4B (Part 3) > Flashcards

Lesson 4B (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder infections

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2
Q

Who are more at an increase risk for cystitis?

A

Women

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3
Q

Why are women at a more at an increase risk for cystitis?

A

Due to their short urethras

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4
Q

What is the cause of cystitis?

A

Colonization of rectal flora

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5
Q

What is the result of cystitis in men? (2)

A
  1. Bladder outlet obstruction

2. Prostatitis

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6
Q

What is the most common pathogen with cystitis?

A

E. Coli

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7
Q

What are signs of cystitis? (2)

A
  1. Bladder irritability

2. Hematuria

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8
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of cystitis?

A

Diffuse bladder wall thickening

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9
Q

Emphysematous cystitis

A

Gas present in lumen and wall of bladder

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10
Q

Who does emphysematous cystitis affect most?

A

Diabetic females

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11
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of emphysematous cystitis? (2)

A
  1. Wall-thick

2. Echogenic

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12
Q

Malacoplakia

A

Rare granulomatous infection

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13
Q

What is the cause of malacoplakia?

A

Unknown

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14
Q

Who does malacoplakia cystitis affect most?

A

Women in their 60s

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15
Q

What are 2 signs of malacoplakia?

A
  1. Hematuria

2. Bladder irritability

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16
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of malacoplakia cystitis?

A

Mucosal masses

17
Q

What is an example of chronic cystitis?

A

Brunns epithelial nests

18
Q

What does brunns epithelial nests mimic?

A

Neoplasia

  • appear solid
  • within bladder wall
19
Q

Cystitis cystica

A

Cysts may develop in nests

20
Q

Cystitis glandularis

A

May develop into glandular structures

21
Q

What could cystitis glandularis be a precursor for?

A

Adenocarcinoma

- cysts/solid masses in wall

22
Q

What are causes of bladder fistulas? (5)

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Trauma
  3. Inflammation
  4. Radiation
  5. Neoplasm
23
Q

Where may fistulas occur from?

A

The bladder to the vagina, gut, skin, uterus and ureter

24
Q

What are the tracks like in a bladder fistula?

A

Thin and short

- difficult to identify

25
Q

What might be in the bladder lumen if it communicates with the gut, vagina or skin?

A

Gas

26
Q

What are 4 types of bladder fistulas?

A
  1. Vesicovaginal
  2. Vesicoenteric
  3. Vesicocutaneous
  4. Vesicoureteral
27
Q

Vesicovaginal

A

Carcinoma of the bladder or cervix

- most often related to gynecological or urological surgery

28
Q

Vesicoenteric

A

Complication of diverticulitis or Crohn’s disease

- bladder and gut

29
Q

Vesicocutaneous

A

surgery or trauma may be the cause

- bladder and skin

30
Q

Vesicoureteral

A

Rare occurrence after hysterectomy

- bladder and ureters

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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