Lesson 4B (Part 3) Flashcards
Cystitis
Bladder infections
Who are more at an increase risk for cystitis?
Women
Why are women at a more at an increase risk for cystitis?
Due to their short urethras
What is the cause of cystitis?
Colonization of rectal flora
What is the result of cystitis in men? (2)
- Bladder outlet obstruction
2. Prostatitis
What is the most common pathogen with cystitis?
E. Coli
What are signs of cystitis? (2)
- Bladder irritability
2. Hematuria
What is the sonographic appearance of cystitis?
Diffuse bladder wall thickening
Emphysematous cystitis
Gas present in lumen and wall of bladder
Who does emphysematous cystitis affect most?
Diabetic females
What is the sonographic appearance of emphysematous cystitis? (2)
- Wall-thick
2. Echogenic
Malacoplakia
Rare granulomatous infection
What is the cause of malacoplakia?
Unknown
Who does malacoplakia cystitis affect most?
Women in their 60s
What are 2 signs of malacoplakia?
- Hematuria
2. Bladder irritability
What is the sonographic appearance of malacoplakia cystitis?
Mucosal masses
What is an example of chronic cystitis?
Brunns epithelial nests
What does brunns epithelial nests mimic?
Neoplasia
- appear solid
- within bladder wall
Cystitis cystica
Cysts may develop in nests
Cystitis glandularis
May develop into glandular structures
What could cystitis glandularis be a precursor for?
Adenocarcinoma
- cysts/solid masses in wall
What are causes of bladder fistulas? (5)
- Congenital
- Trauma
- Inflammation
- Radiation
- Neoplasm
Where may fistulas occur from?
The bladder to the vagina, gut, skin, uterus and ureter
What are the tracks like in a bladder fistula?
Thin and short
- difficult to identify
What might be in the bladder lumen if it communicates with the gut, vagina or skin?
Gas
What are 4 types of bladder fistulas?
- Vesicovaginal
- Vesicoenteric
- Vesicocutaneous
- Vesicoureteral
Vesicovaginal
Carcinoma of the bladder or cervix
- most often related to gynecological or urological surgery
Vesicoenteric
Complication of diverticulitis or Crohn’s disease
- bladder and gut
Vesicocutaneous
surgery or trauma may be the cause
- bladder and skin
Vesicoureteral
Rare occurrence after hysterectomy
- bladder and ureters
