Lesson 4A (Part 3)

Question 1

What are 3 anomalies related to ascent of kidney?

Answer 1

1. Ectopia
2. Crossed renal ectopia
3. Horseshoe kidney

Question 2

Ectopia pelvic kidney

Answer 2

Failure of the kidney to ascend during embryology

Question 3

Where is the ectopia pelvic kidney located?

Answer 3

In iliac region with malrotation of collecting system

Question 4

What percentage have a decreased function with ectopia pelvic kidney?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

What happens to the ureters with ectopia pelvic kidney?

Answer 5

They are short

Question 6

What do short ureters lead to?

Answer 6

Poor drainage

Question 7

What does collecting system dilation lead to? (2)

Answer 7

1. Infection

2. Stone formation

Question 8

Where are the kidneys in a crossed renal ectopia?

Answer 8

Both kidneys are found on the same side

- may be fused to the other kidney

Question 9

Crossed renal ectopia

Answer 9

Upper pole of the ectopic kidney will be fused to lower pole of the other kidney

Question 10

Where are the ureterovesicular junctions in a crossed renal ectopia?

Answer 10

In the normal spot

- important to know for patients with renal colic

Question 11

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 11

Fusion occurs prior to ascent usually at the lower poles

Question 12

What should be measured with a horseshoe kidney?

Answer 12

The isthmus

Question 13

Where does a horseshoe kidney lay?

Answer 13

Anterior to Aorta and other great vessels

Question 14

What can a horseshoe kidney result in? (4)

Answer 14

1. Obstruction
2. Infection
3. Stone formation
4. Hydronephrosis

Question 15

Why do we measure the isthmus with a horseshoe kidney?

Answer 15

There is an increase risk of developing a neoplasm

Question 16

How many subtypes of horseshoe kidneys are there?

Answer 16

6

- a-f

Question 17

What are 6 anomalies related to ureteral bud?

Answer 17

1. Renal agenesis
2. Congenital Megacalicies
3. Congenital Megaureter
4. Supernumerary kidney
5. Duplex collecting system and Ureteroceles
6. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Question 18

Unilateral renal agenesis

Answer 18

Is an incidental finding with an apparent compensatory hypertrophy of the single kidney

Question 19

Bilateral renal agenesis

Answer 19

Is a rare anomaly and incompatible with life

Question 20

What is renal agenesis associated with? (2)

Answer 20

1. Genital tract anomalies
   - Mullerian duct
2. High blood pressure

Question 21

What is usually present with renal agenesis?

Answer 21

Adrenal glands

Question 22

What do you have to be careful with renal agensis?

Answer 22

Is the colon falls into the empty renal bed so dont mistake the loop of gut for kidney

Question 23

What is another term for megacalicies?

Answer 23

Puigverts disease

Question 24

Megacalicies

Answer 24

Unilateral nonobstructive enlargement of the calyces

Question 25

Do megacalicies have normal parenchyma and renal function?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How is puigverts seen on US?

Answer 26

Numerous clubbed calyces

- dilated

Question 27

What can occur with megacalyces? (2)

Answer 27

1. Infection

2. Stones occur

Question 28

Megaureter

Answer 28

Functional ureteric obstruction, however, the distal ureter segment is aperistaltic

Question 29

How does megaureter appear?

Answer 29

As fusiform dilation of distal third

Question 30

Who are more affected by the megaureter?

Answer 30

Men