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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 1B (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 1B (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

How many distinct types of hepatitis is there?

A

6

- A –> E/G

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3
Q

Serosuvey

A

Study of blood serum to find antibodies when exposed to hepatitis

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4
Q

What could happen if hepatitis is not treated?

A

It can be fatal

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5
Q

What can hepatitis lead to? (3)

A
  1. Portal hypertension
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Hepatocellular carcinoma
    - HCC
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6
Q

How does Hep A spread?

A

Fecal-oral route

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7
Q

Who does Hep A affect?

A

The young

- put lots of stuff in their mouths

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8
Q

What kind of infection do you get from Hep A?

A

Acute

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9
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?

A

Parentally

- not oral

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10
Q

How can Hep B spread? (3)

A
  1. Blood transfusions
  2. Needle punctures
  3. Sexual contact and at birth
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11
Q

Where is Hep B common? (3)

A
  1. Asia
  2. Africa
  3. Greenland
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12
Q

Where is Hep C common? (2)

A
  1. Italy

2. Mediterranean

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13
Q

How does Hep C spread?

A

Blood

- eg. sharing needles

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14
Q

What is Hep D dependent on for infectivity?

A

Hep B

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15
Q

Where is Hep D common?

A
  1. Asia
  2. Africa
  3. Greenland
  • same as Hep B
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16
Q

Who is most likely to get Hep D?

A

IV drug users

17
Q

What are symptoms of viral hepatitis? (7)

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Headache
  3. Anorexia
  4. Fever
  5. Abdominal pain
  6. Nausea
  7. Vomiting
18
Q

What is a sign of hepatitis?

A

Jaundice

19
Q

What does acute hepatitis imply?

A

Recovery within 4 months

20
Q

What is the common appearance of acute hepatitis? (3)

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Echogenic periportal walls
  3. Starry night sky
21
Q

What does chronic hepatitis imply?

A

Abnormalities persisting beyond 6 months

22
Q

What is the common appearance of chronic hepatitis? (2)

A
  1. Hepatomegaly

2. Thickening of the GB wall

23
Q

What can be harmful to the liver? (3)

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Prescription medications
  3. Poor diet
24
Q

What are 4 disorders of metabolism?

A
  1. Steatosis
    - fatty liver
  2. Glycogen storage disease
    - neonatal (not from lifestyle)
  3. Cirrhosis
    - chronic liver disease
  4. NASH
    - non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
25
Q

Can steatosis be reversible?

A

Yes

- this is done by correcting the situation

26
Q

What is the most common cause of steatosis?

A

Obesity

27
Q

Steatosis

A

Fatty liver

- triglycerides (fat) in the hepatocytes

28
Q

What are other possible causes for steatosis? (10)

A
  1. Excessive alcohol
    - stimulates lipolysis
  2. Severe hepatitis
  3. Hyperlipidemia
    - cholesterol
  4. Diabetes
  5. Excess corticosteroids
  6. Pregnancy
  7. Hyperalimentation
  8. Obesity bypass surgery
  9. Cystic fibrosis
  10. Toxins
29
Q

What is steatosis a significant precursor for?

A

Chronic diseases

30
Q

What are the deposits of steatosis like? (2)

A
  1. Focal

2. Diffuse

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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