Lesson 4E (Part 1) Flashcards
What are examples of renal vascular abnormalities? (6)
- Renal artery occlusion and infarction
- Arteriovenous fistula and malformation
- Renal artery stenosis
- Renal artery aneurysm
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Ovarian vein thrombosis
RVT
Renal vein thrombosis
What is renal vein thrombosis due to? (5)
- Underlying abnormality of the kidney
- Dehydration
- Hypercoagulable state
- Tumors of the kidney
- Left adrenal gland may spread into the veins
What are some extrinsic compression related to tumors that slow the venous flow? (3)
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Pancreatitis
- Trauma
What is the etiology of RVT?
Membraneous glomerulonephritis
- 50% of the time
What do patients with RVT present? (2)
- Flank pain
2. Hematuria
How does acute RVT look like on US?
Large edematous hypoechoic kidney
- swollen
Acute RVT
Loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation acute due to a clot in the renal vein
What does chronic RVT look like on US?
Appears as small end stage echogenic kidney
- atrophic
What may develop with chronic RVT?
Occlusion
- blockage
What are 8 types of medical genitourinary disease?
- Acute tubular Necrosis
- Acute cortical Necrosis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Amyloidosis
- Endometriosis
- Interstitial cystitis
What is the most common cause of acute reversible renal failure?
Acute tubular necrosis
What does acute tubular necrosis look like on US?
Deposition of cellular debris within renal collecting tubules
Is US good for identifying acute tubular necrosis?
No
What is a rate cause of acute renal failure?
Acute cortical necrosis
What does acute cortical necrosis look like on US? (2)
- Cortex is hypoechoic in acute phase
- Atrophy
- after 2 months
What is acute glomerulonephrotos?
Necrosis and mesangial cell proliferation of the glomerulus
What are symptoms of acute glomerulonephrotos? (3)
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
- Azotemia
How are the kidneys affect with acute glomerulonephrotos? (2)
- Both kidneys are affected
- May be normal or enlarge
- with treatment they go back to normal
What happens with chronic glomerulonephrotos?
Profound, global symmetrical parenchymal loss occurs
How does chronic glomerulonephrotos look like on US? (2)
- Small smooth echogenic kidneys
2. Prominent central echo complex
Parenchymal loss
Scarring
Acute interstitial nephrosis
Acute hypersensitivity reaction of the kidney to drugs
What does renal failure resolve with?
Cessation of drug
What does acute interstitial nephritis look like on US?
Enlarged echogenic kidneys
What is the most common cause of chronic renal failure?
Diabetes Mellitus
What is present in amyloidosis?
Renal failure
Who is amyloidosis more common in?
Males
- 60
What does amyloidosis look like in the acute phase?
Enlarged kidneys
What does amyloidosis look like with progression? (6)
- Kidneys shrink
- Cortical atrophy
- Increased echogenicity
- Focal renal masses
- Calcification
- Central or perirenal masses
What may amyloidosis involve? (2)
- Ureter
2. Bladder
What is used for diagnosis with amyloidosis?
Biopsy
