Lesson 4D (Part 3) Flashcards
What kind of disease is tuberous disease?
Inherited disease
What is tuberous disease characterized by? (3)
- Intellectual disability
- Seizures
- Adenoma sebaceum
- red marks on face
Where does tuberous disease come from? (2)
- Autosomal dominant
2. Spontaneous mutation
What is tuberous disease associated with? (2)
- AML
2. RCC
What does tuberous disease look like on US? (2)
- Multiple cysts from microscopic to 3 cm in size
2. Appears similar to ADKPD
What modality us used to follow up tuberous disease?
CT
What are renal injuries from?
Blunt or penetrating injury
How does blunt trauma usually heal?
Without treatment
What do penetrating injuries usually a result of? (2)
- Gunshot
2. Stab wounds
What are the 4 major categories of renal injuries?
- Minor injury
- 75-85% - Major injuries
- 10% - Catastrophic injuries
- 5% - Uteropelvic junction avulsion
What are examples of minor injuries? (5)
- Contusions
- Subcapsular
- Hematoma
- Cortical infarcts
- Superficial lacerations
What are examples of major injuries?
Renal lacerations
- may extend into the collecting system and segmental renal infarct
What are examples of catastrophic injuries? (2)
- Vascular pedicle injury
2. Shattered kidney
What renal injuries require urgent surgery? (2)
- Catastrophic
2. Uteropelvic junction avulsion
How do lacerations appear on US?
Linear defects that may extend through the kidney if fractured
What does hematomas vary in?
Echogenicity
What do renal injuries collect? (2)
- Blood
2. Urine
WHat is subscapular hemorrhage?
Perirenal fluid collection
What does colour doppler aid in?
In assessment of vascular integrity
What is used to follow up in the critically ill renal injuries?
CECT
What are the complications of surgery for ureter injuries? (2)
- Gynecological
- 70% - Urolological
- 30%
What are ureteral stents used for?
To allow ureter to heal
With is US useful for in ureter injuries?
To detect sizable fluid collections and hydronephrosis
What can a bladder injury be the result of? (3)
- Blunt injury
- Penetrating injury
- Iatrogenic injury
What can bladder injuries result in?
Ruptures
What is US not useful in assessing?
Bladder injuries
- except to identify fluid collections
When are renal stents used?
For patients who have an obstruction of the kidney
What does a renal stent do?
It relieves the blockage
Where is the stent placed?
In the ureter between the kidney and the bladder
What can cause an obstruction of the renal stent? (4)
- Stone
- Fragment
- Scarring
- Tumor
Are renal stents usually visible on US?
Yes
