Lesson 4D (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of disease is tuberous disease?

A

Inherited disease

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2
Q

What is tuberous disease characterized by? (3)

A
  1. Intellectual disability
  2. Seizures
  3. Adenoma sebaceum
    - red marks on face
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3
Q

Where does tuberous disease come from? (2)

A
  1. Autosomal dominant

2. Spontaneous mutation

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4
Q

What is tuberous disease associated with? (2)

A
  1. AML

2. RCC

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5
Q

What does tuberous disease look like on US? (2)

A
  1. Multiple cysts from microscopic to 3 cm in size

2. Appears similar to ADKPD

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6
Q

What modality us used to follow up tuberous disease?

A

CT

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7
Q

What are renal injuries from?

A

Blunt or penetrating injury

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8
Q

How does blunt trauma usually heal?

A

Without treatment

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9
Q

What do penetrating injuries usually a result of? (2)

A
  1. Gunshot

2. Stab wounds

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10
Q

What are the 4 major categories of renal injuries?

A
  1. Minor injury
    - 75-85%
  2. Major injuries
    - 10%
  3. Catastrophic injuries
    - 5%
  4. Uteropelvic junction avulsion
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11
Q

What are examples of minor injuries? (5)

A
  1. Contusions
  2. Subcapsular
  3. Hematoma
  4. Cortical infarcts
  5. Superficial lacerations
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12
Q

What are examples of major injuries?

A

Renal lacerations

- may extend into the collecting system and segmental renal infarct

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13
Q

What are examples of catastrophic injuries? (2)

A
  1. Vascular pedicle injury

2. Shattered kidney

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14
Q

What renal injuries require urgent surgery? (2)

A
  1. Catastrophic

2. Uteropelvic junction avulsion

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15
Q

How do lacerations appear on US?

A

Linear defects that may extend through the kidney if fractured

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16
Q

What does hematomas vary in?

A

Echogenicity

17
Q

What do renal injuries collect? (2)

A
  1. Blood

2. Urine

18
Q

WHat is subscapular hemorrhage?

A

Perirenal fluid collection

19
Q

What does colour doppler aid in?

A

In assessment of vascular integrity

20
Q

What is used to follow up in the critically ill renal injuries?

A

CECT

21
Q

What are the complications of surgery for ureter injuries? (2)

A
  1. Gynecological
    - 70%
  2. Urolological
    - 30%
22
Q

What are ureteral stents used for?

A

To allow ureter to heal

23
Q

With is US useful for in ureter injuries?

A

To detect sizable fluid collections and hydronephrosis

24
Q

What can a bladder injury be the result of? (3)

A
  1. Blunt injury
  2. Penetrating injury
  3. Iatrogenic injury
25
Q

What can bladder injuries result in?

A

Ruptures

26
Q

What is US not useful in assessing?

A

Bladder injuries

- except to identify fluid collections

27
Q

When are renal stents used?

A

For patients who have an obstruction of the kidney

28
Q

What does a renal stent do?

A

It relieves the blockage

29
Q

Where is the stent placed?

A

In the ureter between the kidney and the bladder

30
Q

What can cause an obstruction of the renal stent? (4)

A
  1. Stone
  2. Fragment
  3. Scarring
  4. Tumor
31
Q

Are renal stents usually visible on US?

A

Yes