Lesson 5A (Part 3) Flashcards
What is observed in the spleen in patients with portal hypertension?
Linear reflective channels
What is the splenic interface sign
Dilatation of intrasplenic
venous sinuses with increased collagen in the walls and periarterial fibrosis
- back up of flow
Hypersplenism
Over active spleen
- removes blood cells too early/quickly
What can happen with hypersplenism?
Spontaneous splenic rupture may occur in a patient if an enlarged spleen has minimal trauma or coughing fit
What are indications of a spleen exam? (3)
- Mononucleosis
- Congestion
- Inflammatory
- rheumatologic - Neoplasia
- Infiltrative
- Hematologic
What is the the most common “infectious” reason for ordering an ultrasound?
Mononucleosis
Sarcoidosis
Is a multisystem granulomatous disease that is associated with splenomegaly
Mononucleosis
Is an infectious disease where patients feel tired and weak for months because it affects the immune system and causes splenomegaly
What are 2 complications of mononucleosis?
- Splenic infarct
2. Rupture
Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma
Cancer of the lymphatic system
What kind of nodules do patients with Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma have? (3)
- Lymphoma
- Sarcoidosis
- TB
How does Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma appear? (3)
- Focal lesions
- Hypoechoic
- Hypovascular
Is Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma benign or maligant?
Malignant
Hodgkins Disease
Abnormal cells
- Reed sternberg cell
- must be examined under a microscope
What are symptoms of Non Hodgkins Disease? (4)
- Painless swelling of lymph nodes
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
What is more common Non Hodgkins Disease or Hodgkins Disease?
Non Hodgkins Disease
Hemangiosarcoma
Most common malignant, primary, nonlymphoid tumour of the spleen
- but is rare
What is the prognosis for hemangiosarcoma?
Poor
- usually related to splenic rupture
What are clinical symptoms of hemangiosarcoma? (5)
- Abdominal pain
- Left upper quadrant mass
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Coagulopathy
How can hemangiosarcoma present?
As a well-defined hemorrhagic nodule
What is seen in malignant melanoma?
Metastases to the spleen
- although rare
What is the most common primary benign neoplasm?
Hemangioma
How does hemangioma appear? (2)
- Well defined
2. Echogenic
What are considered not true cysts? (3)
- Metastases
- Abscess
- Hematoma
What are examples of splenic cysts? (6)
- Congenital
- Pseudocysts
- no endothelium - Hydatid
- Pancreatic pseudocysts
- pancreatitis - Endothelial-lined cysts > lymphangiomas and cystic hemangiomas
- Peliosis
- extremely rare
What are congenital cysts considered? (2)
- Epidermoid
2. True cysts
How do congenital cysts appear? (4)
- Well defined
- Thin walled
- Anechoic lesions
- Do not change over time
Are congenital cysts benign or malignant?
Benign
What is a splenic pseudocyst known as?
Fasle cyst
- no cellular lining
What causes splenic pseudocyst? (3)
- Trauma
- Infarction
- Infection
How does splenic pseudocyst appear? (5)
- Complex
- Wall calcifications
- Internal echoes
- Debris
- Hemorrhage
