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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 5A (Part 3) > Flashcards

Lesson 5A (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is observed in the spleen in patients with portal hypertension?

A

Linear reflective channels

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2
Q

What is the splenic interface sign

A

Dilatation of intrasplenic
venous sinuses with increased collagen in the walls and periarterial fibrosis
- back up of flow

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3
Q

Hypersplenism

A

Over active spleen

- removes blood cells too early/quickly

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4
Q

What can happen with hypersplenism?

A

Spontaneous splenic rupture may occur in a patient if an enlarged spleen has minimal trauma or coughing fit

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5
Q

What are indications of a spleen exam? (3)

A
  1. Mononucleosis
  2. Congestion
  3. Inflammatory
    - rheumatologic
  4. Neoplasia
  5. Infiltrative
  6. Hematologic
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6
Q

What is the the most common “infectious” reason for ordering an ultrasound?

A

Mononucleosis

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7
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Is a multisystem granulomatous disease that is associated with splenomegaly

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8
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Is an infectious disease where patients feel tired and weak for months because it affects the immune system and causes splenomegaly

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9
Q

What are 2 complications of mononucleosis?

A
  1. Splenic infarct

2. Rupture

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10
Q

Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

Cancer of the lymphatic system

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11
Q

What kind of nodules do patients with Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma have? (3)

A
  1. Lymphoma
  2. Sarcoidosis
  3. TB
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12
Q

How does Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma appear? (3)

A
  1. Focal lesions
  2. Hypoechoic
  3. Hypovascular
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13
Q

Is Non-Hodgkins/Hodgkins Lymphoma benign or maligant?

A

Malignant

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14
Q

Hodgkins Disease

A

Abnormal cells

  • Reed sternberg cell
  • must be examined under a microscope
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15
Q

What are symptoms of Non Hodgkins Disease? (4)

A
  1. Painless swelling of lymph nodes
  2. Fever
  3. Weight loss
  4. Night sweats
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16
Q

What is more common Non Hodgkins Disease or Hodgkins Disease?

A

Non Hodgkins Disease

17
Q

Hemangiosarcoma

A

Most common malignant, primary, nonlymphoid tumour of the spleen
- but is rare

18
Q

What is the prognosis for hemangiosarcoma?

A

Poor

- usually related to splenic rupture

19
Q

What are clinical symptoms of hemangiosarcoma? (5)

A
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Left upper quadrant mass
  3. Anemia
  4. Thrombocytopenia
  5. Coagulopathy
20
Q

How can hemangiosarcoma present?

A

As a well-defined hemorrhagic nodule

21
Q

What is seen in malignant melanoma?

A

Metastases to the spleen

- although rare

22
Q

What is the most common primary benign neoplasm?

A

Hemangioma

23
Q

How does hemangioma appear? (2)

A
  1. Well defined

2. Echogenic

24
Q

What are considered not true cysts? (3)

A
  1. Metastases
  2. Abscess
  3. Hematoma
25
Q

What are examples of splenic cysts? (6)

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Pseudocysts
    - no endothelium
  3. Hydatid
  4. Pancreatic pseudocysts
    - pancreatitis
  5. Endothelial-lined cysts > lymphangiomas and cystic hemangiomas
  6. Peliosis
    - extremely rare
26
Q

What are congenital cysts considered? (2)

A
  1. Epidermoid

2. True cysts

27
Q

How do congenital cysts appear? (4)

A
  1. Well defined
  2. Thin walled
  3. Anechoic lesions
  4. Do not change over time
28
Q

Are congenital cysts benign or malignant?

A

Benign

29
Q

What is a splenic pseudocyst known as?

A

Fasle cyst

- no cellular lining

30
Q

What causes splenic pseudocyst? (3)

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Infarction
  3. Infection
31
Q

How does splenic pseudocyst appear? (5)

A
  1. Complex
  2. Wall calcifications
  3. Internal echoes
  4. Debris
  5. Hemorrhage

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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