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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 5A (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 5A (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Is the spleen intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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2
Q

What part of the spleen is not intraperitoneal?

A

The hilum

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3
Q

Where is the spleen located? (quadrant, compared to diaphragm, kidney, stomach and pancreas = 5)

A
  1. Left hypochondriac region with the superior aspect extending into the epigastric region
  2. Inferior to the diaphragm
  3. Anterior to the left kidney
  4. Posterior and lateral to the stomach
  5. Left lateral to the pancreas
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4
Q

What does the spleen do? (4)

A
  1. Removes foreign material from the blood
  2. Initiates an immune reaction
    - resulting in production of antibodies and lymphocytes
  3. Major destruction site of old red blood cells
    - red blood cells are removed and hemoglobin is recycled
  4. Reservoir for blood
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5
Q

What is the spleen most sensitive to?

A

Trauma

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6
Q

Why is the spleen most sensitive to trauma?

A

Due to its vasculature

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7
Q

What supplies blood to the spleen?

A

Splenic artery

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8
Q

What drains the spleen of blood?

A

Splenic vein

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9
Q

What makes up the main portal vein? (2)

A
  1. Splenic vein

2. SMV

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10
Q

What happens to the splenic vein when portal hypertension occurs?

A

It may shunt blood directly into the left renal vein

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11
Q

What should you do if infarction is suspected on the spleen?

A

Apply colour doppler and evaluate for the presence of flow

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12
Q

What should the sagittal measurements be for the spleen?

A

13cm or less

- from tip to tip

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13
Q

What are normal serum levels in males?

A

4.6-6.2 million/mmm

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14
Q

What are normal serum levels in females?

A

4.2-5.4 million/mmm

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15
Q

What is elevation of serum levels associated with? (2)

A
  1. Polycythemia vera

2. Severe diarrhea

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16
Q

What are decreased serum levels associated with? (4)

A
  1. Internal bleeding
  2. Hemolytic anemia
  3. Hodgkin’s disease
  4. Hemangiosarcomas
17
Q

What does the spleen recycle Hb into?

A

Iron

- basis of bilirubin

18
Q

What conditions is low Hb associated with? (4)

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Internal bleeding
19
Q

What do leukocytes do?

A

Defends the body from infection

20
Q

What are elevated levels of leukocytes associated with? (4)

A
  1. Infection
  2. Leukemia
  3. Hemorrhage
  4. Malignancy
21
Q

What are decreased levels of leukocytes associated with? (5)

A
  1. Lymphoma
  2. Leukemia
  3. Viral infection
  4. Hypersplenia
  5. Diabetes mellitus
22
Q

What is the biggest reason for elevation of leukocytes?

A

Infection

23
Q

What are elevated levels of hematocrit associated with? (4)

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Shock
  3. Polycythemia vera-disorder of bone marrow
  4. Infection
24
Q

What are decreased levels of hematocrit associated with? (3)

A
  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Anemia
  3. Leukemia
25
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBCS in the blood

26
Q

What are some indications for an exam of the spleen? (8)

A
  1. Chronic liver disease
  2. Infection
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Leukopenia
  5. Palpable mass
  6. Abdominal pain
  7. Fatigue
  8. Trauma
27
Q

What is another term for accessory spleen?

A

Splenule

28
Q

Splenule

A

Is a common normal variant that is typically located in the splenics hilum
- congenital anomaly

29
Q

What does accessory spleen look like? (3)

A
  1. Similar echogenicity as the spleen
  2. Small rounded masses < 5cm
  3. May be confused with enlarged nodes
30
Q

What modalities are used to confirm an accessory spleen? (2)

A
  1. CT

2. MRI

31
Q

What happens to the splenules if the spleen enlarges?

A

So do the splenules

32
Q

What does hypertension affect?

A

The spleen

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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