Lesson 4B (Part 5) Flashcards
What does bladder calculi cause? (2)
- Migration of stones from the kidney
2. Stasis related to bladder outlet obstruction, cystocele, neurogenic bladder or foreign body
Is bladder calculi symptomatic or asymptomatic?
Asymptomatic
- unless obstructed
Staghorn Calculi
Large, jagged coral shaped calcification that resembles horns of a stag that is the result of recurrent infections
Who are staghorn calculi more commonly seen in?
Women
What are the symptoms of staghorn calculi? (3)
- Fever
- Hematuria
- Flank pain
What kind of patients are staghorn calculi frequently seen in?
Patients with a neurogenic bladder
Extra renal pelvis
Renal pelvis lies partly outside of the kidney
- frequently dilated with urine
Nephrocalcinosis
Renal parenchymal calcification
What does nephrocalcinosis dystrophic occur in? (3)
- Tumors
- Abscess
- Hematomas
What does nephrocalcinosis metastatic occur in?
Hypercalcemic states
- hyperparathyroidism
- renal failure
- acidosis
What does nephrocalcinosis look like on US?
Medullary pyramids are surrounded with calcium deposits exhibiting acoustic shadowing
- within the collecting system
- echogenic around the pyramids
Chronic renal failure
A medical condition of impaired kidney function in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood
What are 5 causes of renal failure?
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hypertension
- Vascular disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic hydronephrosis
What are the clinical findings of renal failure? (7)
- Elevated BUN and creatinine
- Proteinuria
- Polyuria
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Anemia
What are the sonographic findings of renal failure? (4)
- Renal atrophy
- Hyperechoic parenchyma
- Thin renal cortex <1cm
- Difficult to distinguish the kidney from the surrounding structures
