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Abdominal Pathology > Lesson 1D (Part 2) > Flashcards

Lesson 1D (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Amebiasis

A

Is a hepatic infection that is caused by parasites that penetrates through the colon, via mesenteric venules, then to the portal vein and off to the liver

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2
Q

How is amebiasis passed on?

A

Through the fecal-oral route

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3
Q

What is the most common presenting symptom with amebiasis?

A

Pain

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4
Q

What are the sonographic features of amebiasis? (5)

A
  1. Round or oval shaped lesion
  2. Absence of prominent wall
  3. Hypoechogenicity
  4. Distal enhancement
  5. Continuity with the diaphragm
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5
Q

What is the most common cause for hydatid disease?

A

The parasite Echinococcus granulosis

- tape work that is 3-6mm long

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6
Q

Where is hydatid disease most common?

A

Prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries

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7
Q

How does the hydatid disease spread?

A

Embryos are freed in the duodenum and reach the liver through the portal veins
- where most get trapped

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8
Q

What organs can hydatid disease involve? (4)

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Kidneys
  3. Spleen
  4. CNS
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9
Q

Which side of the liver is most frequently involved with hydatid disease?

A

The right lobe

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10
Q

What does the hydatid disease form?

A

Slow growing cysts

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11
Q

What are the sonographic features of the hydatid disease? (4)

A
  1. Simple cysts
  2. Cysts with detached endocyst secondary to rupture
  3. Cysts with daughter cysts
  4. Densely calcified masses
  5. Waterlily sign
    - looks kinda like a flower
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12
Q

What is the conventional treatment for hydatid disease?

A

Surgery

- US is used to monitor therapy in patients

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13
Q

What is the most common parasitic infection in humans?

A

Schistosomiasis

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14
Q

How do the parasites reach the liver?

A

Through the portal vein

- eventually the branches get blocked

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15
Q

What does schistosomiasis lead to? (4)

A
  1. Portal hypertension
  2. Splenomegaly
  3. Varices
  4. Ascites ensues
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16
Q

What are the sonographic features of schistosomiasis? (2)

A
  1. Widened echogenic portal tracts **
  2. Can see dilated biliary ducts **
  3. Starts out enlarged and then gets smaller
17
Q

What region is most affected by schistosomiasis?

A

The porta hepatis

18
Q

What is the most common organisms causing opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS?

A

Pneumocystis carinii

19
Q

What is the most common cause of life threatening infection?

A

Pneumonia

20
Q

What is a treatment suggestion for those who have Pneumocystis carinii?

A

Bone marrow and organ transplants

21
Q

What are the sonographic appearances of Pneumocystis carinii? (2)

A
  1. Tiny, diffuse non-shadowing echogenic foci

2. Extensive replacement of normal hepatic parenchyma by echogenic clumps of dense calcification

Abdominal Pathology (49 decks)

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