Lecture 9: Motor development months 4-6

Question 2

KNOW: Were most worried about the overall movement pattern, not just if they’re a little delayed
* think if they have a hypertonic reflex that won’t go away, then im a little worried
* We also want to make sure they’re meeting the milestones in order

Question 3

Are babies visually active at 4 months?

Answer 3

Yes, they can track etc…

Question 4

What month do babies have hand to hand, hand to mouth, and hand to body play and exploration?

Answer 4

Month 4

Note: they don’t really have those super fine contorl movements, more broad

Question 5

KNOW: At 4 months babies have very limited fine motor control. They can pick up the toy and shake it around but can’t manipulate it much

Question 6

When does baby begin to roll to side?

Answer 6

4 months

Question 7

When is the baby able to maintain side lying?

Answer 7

4 months

Question 8

Why can’t the baby manipulate toys at 4 months?

Answer 8

Because they still have that palmar grasp reflex (does integrade until 4-7 months) so they only can grip the toys and shake them around

Question 9

KNOW: Babies do receprocal kicking to stretch out hamstrings form physiological flexion

Question 10

TEST when does prone on forearms begin?

Answer 10

4 months

NOTE: They are beginning to push from forearms to extended arm weight bearing

Question 11

Can a baby hold head indefinitly at 90 degrees at 4 months?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

KNOW: at 3 months the baby can be prone on elbows head at 45 degrees starts at 3 months, but prone on elbow holding head to 90 degrees (so can look around) starts at 4 months

Question 13

At what month can the baby be prone on forearms and looking ar (can hold head indefinitely at 90 degrees)?

Whats the reason they can now be in this position?

Answer 13

4 months

Because at 4 months the pelvis has lowered to support surface and can touch the ground (because they’ve lost some of that physiological flexion in the LE’s)
* Once you can get your pelvis down its a lot easier to get your head up

NOTE: at 3 months they only have 45 degrees of head contorl when in prone

Question 14

Can the baby sit functionally at 4 months?

Answer 14

Nope, doesnt start till 6 months

May be able to sit for several seconds w/o support at 4 months, but its not yet a functionally position
* they really start being able to sit when they get that lumbar extension from those erector spinae (have some of this here but not tons)

NOTE: at this point the LE’s wide base of support in ring sitting outer edges may begin to contact support surfaces
* we don’t need this stability as adults because our erector spinae have taken over
* NOTE: this is still not a functional position here

Question 15

KNOW: When doing a pull to sit on a baby she looks to see how they react

At 4 months what should the head do?

How much assistance should they provide

Answer 15

Head should stay in midline all the way up

Should hold on and assist abuot 50%

their muscles should still be contracting

NOTE: The big thing is that they are aware and tightening their muscles
* still looking for symmetry

Question 16

KNOW: A lot of accidental rolling happens because of reflexes, then they try to make that functional

Question 17

At what month can a baby roll from supine to side lying?

How is rolling initiated?

Answer 17

month 4

Initiated w/ head movement (those reflexes take over)
* this causes accidental rolling that they then try to make functional

Question 18

When are babies able to produce voluntary, asymmetrical, dissociated and recpirocal movements

Answer 18

5 months

Question 19

What is dissociated movement?

Answer 19

Able to move one extremeity at a time

Think walking, super important

Question 20

In supine the child can bring their feet to mouth and hands to feet at what month?
* why is the toe sucking important?

Answer 20

month 5

Important because it helps give great toe extension

Question 21

how do LE rest at month 5

Answer 21

at 90 degrees (due to that physiological flexion)

Question 22

When does the baby obtain prone on extended arms (pushing off w/ hands)

Answer 22

Month 5

Makes sense that palmar grasp integrates 4-7 months, because this would get in the way of pushing off
* however, perfurred position is still prone on forearms because its more stable

Question 23

When can babies do prone on extended arms?

Answer 23

Month 5

NOTE: if you’re weight bearing on extended hands you’re not going to want fingers to curl (so this palmar grasp reflex needs to have integrated)
* part of why this starts integrating between 4-7 months

However, perfurred position is still prone on forearms because its more stable

Question 24

KNOW: At month 5 babies can begin prompt sitting (hands holding you up)
* Makes sense because you’re super close to sitting here, you just arent quite strong enough
* able to sit at 6 months

on tip of falling over here

Question 25

At what month is the baby able to help the entire time with pull to sit?

Answer 25

5 months

Actively grasp examiners fingers and flex elbows

Abdominals contract

Total active LE flexion

Question 26

At what month is there no head lag with pull to sit?

Answer 26

5 months

Question 27

At what point does the baby have full head control on all positions?

Answer 27

6 months

Question 28

What is prone pivot

Answer 28

being in prone and turning in circles

Question 29

When does the baby begin to pivot in prone?

Answer 29

6 months

So the baby can weight shift and reach for toys in prone

Question 30

At what point can the baby sit erect w/o support?
* How are the LE’s when they’re doing this?

Answer 30

Month 6

LE’s in ring sitting - so are in full contact w/ support surface

Question 31

When do babies get protective extension forward?

Answer 31

6 months (6-8-10)

Question 32

At what age can the abby prop forward on UE (in sitting)
* Can they do this sideways as well at this month

Answer 32

6 months

cannot do this sideways until 8 months and then backwards at 10 months

Question 33

KNOW: You can maintain a position before you can obtain the position (thats basically true for everything)

Question 34

KNOW: Once a baby obtains sitting they want to be there

For instance at 6 months the bable is able to initiate reach for the examiner
* So if you’re changing their diper they might reach forward trying to be pulled up

Question 35

When is the baby able to pull to sit indepdently from supine holding examiners hand?

Answer 35

6 months

Question 36

When does rolling occur?

Answer 36

6 months

Question 37

When is the baby able to assume and maintain quadruped?
* How do they transition in and out of this position?

Answer 37

6 months

Transition by going into prone (flopping onto stomach)