Lecture 23: Sleep

Question 1

Average sleep cycle in newborns

Average sleep cycle in adults

Answer 1

60 minutes

90-100 adults

5 stages:
* W (awake)
* N1 (drowsy)
* N2 (light sleep)
* N3 (formerly 3 and 4, deep sleep)
* REM

NOTE: young and old both have shorter sleep cycles

Question 2

As we age sleep composition changes (total amount in each stage)

Question 3

how many hours a day do new borns sleep?

Answer 3

14-17 hours

only awake 1-3 hours at a time

longer naps when they’re younger

Question 4

Purpose of sleep:

Maintain metabolic-caloric balance

Thermal equilibrium

Immune competence

Consolidation of learning and memeory
* stabilze learned matearl

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

NOTE: theres bias in who learns about back to sleep

Question 7

who is likely to get SIDS

Answer 7

Infants less than 1 years old

No immediately obvious cause

Commonly reported types:
* Sudden infant death syndrome
* Unknown cause
* Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed

Question 8

American Indian/Alaska Native higher because its colder there

Question 9

Combined SIDS rate is going down, however, we’ve had a rise in accidential suffication due to increased bed sharing, because people want to sleep and babies sleep better when they’re in the same bed as their parents.

Question 10

Know the honey / botuism toxin might cause SIDS

Question 11

highest risk of SIDS
* males or females more
* what race has it the most

Answer 11

2-3 months

Males > Females

highest incidence in american indian/alaska native

Lowest = asian/pacific islander

Question 12

SIDS is a perfect storm

Question 13

How long should a baby sleep in the same bedroom as parents but on a separate surface?

Answer 13

at least 6 months but ideally up to a year

Sleep in crib or bassinet with hard surface and tight fitting sheets

Never on a couch, armchair or soft surface

Back to sleep

Avoid use of soft bedding
* crib bumpers
* Blankets
* Pillows
* Soft toys

Avoid exposure to smoke, alc and illicit drugs

Offer pacifier at nap time and bedtime (that sucking helps them be able to breath better)

Do not use home monitors or commercial devices, including wedges or positioners, marked to reduce SIDS
* use a medical grade one

Infants should receibe all recommended vaccines

Supervised, awake tummy time daily to faciliateate development

Can swaddle!

Question 14

co-sleeping

Question 15

TEST: when should you lower crib?

Answer 15

When child can obtain qaudruped
* roughly 6 months

Question 16

TEST: When should you remove side rail on crib? (or move to toddler bed))

Answer 16

Once child can crawl out

Question 17

Question 18

how large does neck have to be to increase risk of sleep apnea

Answer 18

> 17 inches

Question 19

Question 20

how long before sleep should screens be turned off?

Answer 20

30 mins

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

Biots (brain injury) breathing pattrern can cause central sleep apnea