Lecture 20 Theories of aging Flashcards
KNOW: Older adults becoming incerasinly dissimilar with increasing age
* Meaning one old adult might have a lot more function than another
NOTE: 14% of the population is 65+ (2014) with 20% expected to be 65+ by 2030
Gerontology
The study of aging
Study and treatment of the diseases associated w/ aging
Geriatrics
The negative stereotyping that leads to prejudice and therefore, discriminatory practice
Ageism
maybe don’t just picture an old person w/ a cane
Condiitions that are not a universal part of aging, and therefore not part of the normal process of growing older
Age-related illness
* Demxia is not an age releated illnes sbut is associated w/ aging
* Arhtereitits, its not because you’re aging that you’re going to get arthritits but it is associated w/ it (not eveyr old person gets arthritits)
Universal, time ordered biological, psychological and sociocultural processes that affect development
Normaitive age-graded influence
EX: Biological = puberty / menopuase
Psychological/Socioculture = school age (must be 5 to enter kindergarden)
Events that most people in a specific culture or population experience at the same time
Normative history-graded influences
* EX: The great depression, school desegregation, hurricane katrina
Random, rare, or idiosyncratic events that are highly important to a specific individual person, but not experienced by most people
Non-normative influences
* EX: genetic predispositions, family dynamics - things that are not the norm, very specific
We’ve really only studied two cohorts of old people
Loses and gains to aging
A child born in 2016 should expect to live to
78.6 years
note: a child born in 1900 could expect to live 47.3 years
Life expectancy is increasing
age adjusted death rates
highest = black males
lowest = hispanic female (least death rates)
Treatinf older adults
First, we must compare the clients current functioning needs to their own baseline - not just norms but their norms
Second, place the person in context
* Historical, educational, and social expectations, opportunitites, and challenges
Psychologists have argued that the optimal environment provides the best “fit” to the older persons changing abilitites
* Is this an optimally challenging environment or one that meets all their needs comfortably?
* so maybe don’t just meet needs comrtably, meet their needs in an optimally challenging environment - does depend on the pts overall goals for themselves
meaning they dont recovery as quickly if they are sedentary
One big challenge for PT’s is the diversty amoung older adults. Some are healthy some not, they know different things. Not just race
what are the four models of aging?
1) Slippery slope of aging (most popular)
2) Sucessful aging
3) Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)
4) Resilience
which model of aging is defined as general decline in overall physiological activity (defined as vigor). Can be modified based on lifestyle factors and illness that influence physiological functioning
Slippery slope of aging
Phyiological activity = vigor
this shows that slippery slope of aging
can see a minor illness will cause a dip. However, if they have a lower vigor that mild illness will take a bigger dip and will take a lot longer to recover
* dotted line shows the being independent level
* Key is to stay far away from being dependent, then that dip wont take you below and wont affect you as much
Which theory descirbes usual normal aging vs sucessful aging
* what is the problem w/ this theory
sucesful aging theory
only 12% meet that sucessful aging
Adults are active in setting, pursing, and maintaining goals desipite the challenges of changing, biological, scoial, cognitive, and cultural resources
* elective selection versus loss-based selection
Which theory is this?
Selective optimization with compensation
Which theory is this
Three dimensions of resilient aging
* Effective coping to maintain functional health
* Developing a comfortable life structure
* Achieving a sense of purpose in life and wisdom
Resilience
