Lecture 26: Aging and the Integumentary System

Question 1

Stratum Corneum = Dermis

Answer 1

Rete pegs gives skin young youthful look
* when they thin we get more prone to skin tears

Question 2

Functions of skin
1) Thermoregulation
2) Sensation
3) Moisture eliminations
4) Vitamin D synthesis
5) Protection of deeper structures

Question 3

How often does the skin regenerate?

Answer 3

Every 4 to 6 weeks
* however it ahs no blood supply

Question 4

Cradle Cap: Harmless skin condition that cayses yellow scales and a rash on babys scalp
* from hormonal changes due to being inside moms womb

Question 5

Question 6

Is aging by itself a risk factor for impared integ and wound injury

Answer 6

no

As aging occurs both structural and functional changes occur in the skin, resulting clinicallt in diminsihed pain perception, increased vulnerability to injury, decreased vascularity, and a weakned inflammatory response

Extrinsic stress (environment) + cormorbid health (health issues) + aging = integumentary impairments

Question 7

With normal aging the epidermis thins and decreases the density of what kind of cells?

Answer 7

Langerhans

Question 8

What do Langerhans cells do?
* what 2 things happen if theres a decrease in these cells?

Answer 8

In the skin, initiate the immune response when foreign cells are present

a decrease in these results in infection and deyhydrates

Question 9

KNOW: Skin is a part of the immune system. you have mast cells on skin. When in contact w/ something toxic you get an immune response to it

Question 10

A primary factor in the loss of protective functions of the skin is the diminished abrrier function of the stratum corneum (episdermis)

As this layer becomes thinner, the skin becomes more translucent and paper thin

Question 11

Where are the rete pegs?
* provide resistance to waht kind of fources

Answer 11

Epidermis basement membrane
* The interface between epidermis and dermis

They provide resistance to shearing forces (think sliding forces / sliding in bed)

Question 12

which layer of the skin provides structural integrity
* provides what 3 thigns
* composed of?

Answer 12

Dermis
* think deep layer of the skin
* provides:
* 1) Nutrition
* 2) Hydration
* 3) O2

Priamrily composed of

Question 13

reason why older adults are cold and cant get rid of heat as easily

Question 14

What area is the main supplier of vitamin D?

Answer 14

Epidermis

we need vitamin D to build bone

osteoprosis is a metabolic disorder in which we dont get neough vitamin D

Question 15

The sun is the biggest extrinsic factor that causes skin pathology

Question 16

Criteria for malnutiriton

Answer 16

unintentional w loss of >10% or 5% over the last 3 months or BMI <18.5

Question 17

Question 18

3 lab values for dehydration

Answer 18

1) Increased concentration of serium sodium
2) Increased serum osmolality
3) Increased ratio of blod urea nitrogn to creatinine

Question 19

What is xerosis?

Answer 19

Dryness of skin

moisture level of the straum corneum (epidermis) is below 10%

cuase is unknown

common as we age

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

skin tear classification

Question 22

Question 23

abcde method of detection for cancer

Answer 23

Question 24

three most common types of skin cancer

Answer 24

Basal cell carcinoma (80%)

Squamous cell carinoma (16%)

Melnom (4%)

Question 25

KNOW: more active they are the more likely they are to have skin tears

Question 26

Most deadily and rapidly spreading malignancy

Answer 26

melanoma

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

skin cancer

Question 29

Candida
* who gets it
* what 3 places\
* treatment

Answer 29

superfical yeast infection

happens in immunocomprised

common sites
* groin
* axialla
* breast golds

treatment: antifungal and/or topical steriods

Question 30

rapidly spreading infection of the dermis and subQ

Answer 30

cellulitis

common in face and extremitites

risk factors = edema obesity and wounds

Question 31

Question 32

Question 33

Scabies is what

Answer 33

very contagious and common to long-term care and other settings where people lived in close proximity to each other

caused by a mite that lays its eggs in burrows on the skin

Question 34

Question 35

pressure injuries (not pressure ulcer)
* where does it often occur
* common sites
* riskf actors

Answer 35

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Question 37

Question 38

Question 39

Question 40

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Question 42

Question 43

leading cause of nontraumatic LE amputations

Answer 43

Diabetic neuropathic ulcers

Question 44

when testing for diabetic neropthy our monofilmen tests sensation w/ a _ monofilament

Answer 44

5.07

its when it bends

tests for sensitivity to 10 grams of pressure, called protetice sensation

Question 45

Question 46

Question 47

Question 48

know how to dliniate this from venous (this one has a pulse)

Question 49

normal ABI values

Answer 49

between .9-1

the lower the ABI values indicate further compromised arterial insufficiency and difficulty for the wound healing (because arteries are compromised)

Question 50

gator area = bottle neck area

Question 51

difference between arterial and venous ulcers