Lecture 13: Lifespan Cognitive and Speech Development

Question 1

Can a baby turn its head to sound at 2 months?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Does a baby pay attention to faces at 2 months?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

When does a spontaneous Smile begin?

Answer 3

4 months

Question 4

What is a babble?

Answer 4

Just noises

Question 5

When does a baby begin to babble (just noises) and attempt to copy sounds

Answer 5

4 months

will even try to copy tone

Question 6

When does a baby start to react to familar faces?

Answer 6

6 months

Question 7

When does the baby begin to get stranger anxiety

Answer 7

6 months (because this is when they can start to know faces)

Question 8

What is reduplicated babbling begin?
* What is it

Answer 8

begins 6 months

= making the same sound over and over again - reduplicating a sound dadadadada

Question 9

Prone on elbows with head up looking around is what month (90 degrees of head control)

Answer 9

4 months

Question 10

prone on elbows w/ 45 degrees of head contorl

Answer 10

3 months

Question 11

When do babies start to push onto extended arms form prone?

Answer 11

5 months

Question 12

when can a baby begin using signs for communication?

Answer 12

9 months

NOTE: signs are good. If they’re using signs they typically start talking sooner - will decrease frustration because they can better communicate
* only a problem if this is the only way they communciate

Question 13

When does a baby understand “NO”

Answer 13

9 months
* however, they may not care

Question 14

When does the baby gain object permance
* What is it?

Answer 14

9 months

= think putting a toy behind back and knowing its still there (know it still exists when they can’t see it)

Question 15

When does varigated babbling begin?
* What is it

Answer 15

9 months

= variable means change, so this just means the sounds change. contains mixes of consonant vowel combinations such as “da da by ba mi doy doy”
* So they’re mixing the sounds

reduplicated is just the same sound over and over: dadadadada

Question 16

When does the baby start to use simple gestures, like shaking head “no” or waving bye-bye

Answer 16

12 months

Question 17

When does a baby have favorite things or people (think stuffed animal)

Answer 17

12 months

Question 18

When does a baby being to repeat sounds or actions to get attention?

Answer 18

12 months

Question 19

When does the baby start using 2-3 words other than mama and dada
* NOTE: they typically start w/ nouns

Answer 19

12 months (the 2’s match up)

Question 20

When does the baby say several single words
* minimum of 10 but should average 50-60 words

Answer 20

18 months

Question 21

When will a baby start responding to their name?

Answer 21

18 months
* makes sense, they know words now

Question 22

When can children follow 1-step verbal commands without any gestures

EX: sits when you say “sit down”

Answer 22

18 months

Question 23

When will a baby start looking for help when in trouble?

Answer 23

18 months

Question 24

What is a toddler?

Answer 24

From when they start walking (toddling) to pre school age

NOTE: Toddlers love the word mine

Question 25

When does a baby begin to show defiant behavior?

Answer 25

24 months NOTE: they arent defiant because they're trying to be bad, but because they're trying to do it their way

Question 26

**What is the Rouge test?** * when does it come?

Answer 26

Also called the mirrior tests * Tests to see if they are aware of themselves NOTE: they're away of themself in a mirror 15-24 months

Question 27

When does the baby say **sentences** with 2-4 words? * How many words does the baby have at this point

Answer 27

2 years old **24** months (think 2-4) Should have **2**00-300 words * think 2 again Parents should say they have "so many words I can't count" at this point

Question 28

At what age can children follow TWO step instructions such as "Pick up your shoes and put them in the closet"

Answer 28

2 years old (24 months)

Question 29

When can a baby sort shapes and colors?

Answer 29

2 years old NOTE: They arent actaully going to be able to diliniate between colors or know them * However, if they were given a pile over yellow things and green things they could split them apart (same thing w/ shapes) * The concept of colors is hard

Question 30

When does the child start showing affection/concern for friends w/o prompting?

Answer 30

36 months

Question 31

When does the child understand the idea of mine and his or hers?

Answer 31

36 months

Question 32

Is the child ego centric (word reolves around them) at 3 years old

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

At what age does the child talk well enough for strangers to understand most of the time?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

When can the child carry on converstation using 2-3 sentences?

Answer 34

3 (matches)

Question 35

Wehn can the child screw / unscrew jar lids and turn door hands?

Answer 35

3 makes this a dangerous age because they can get into everything

Question 36

Functional Speech sound disorder is due to what?

Answer 36

No known cause

Question 37

What are the two motor / neurlogical speech sound disorders?

Answer 37

1) Execution (Dysarthria) 2) Planning (apraxia)

Question 38

KNOW: Speech sound disorders can be structural * Think cleft palate / other orofacial anomalies * Structural deficits due to trauma or surgery

Question 39

KNOW: Speech sound disorder can be sensory / perceptual * think hearing impairment

Question 40

She didnt focus too much on this

Question 41

when sounds should develop

Answer 41

Question 42

At what age would the child rather play w/ other children than by themself

Answer 42

4

Question 43

KNOW: At 4 children often cant dilinate between real and make beleve - which can make them scared or have nightmares At this age they will also talk about what they like/are interested in

Question 44

At what age can children understand the idea of "same or different"

Answer 44

4 years

Question 45

At what age will the child draw a eprson w/ 2-4 body parts?

Answer 45

4

Question 46

When will the child understand the idea of counting

Answer 46

4 like cant just say the numbers but actually understands the idea behind it

Question 47

At what age can the child tell a simple story using full setences

Answer 47

5

Question 48

When can the child start using future tense

Answer 48

5

Question 49

How high can a child count at 5

Answer 49

10+

Question 50

At 5 how many body parts will they draw on a person?

Answer 50

6+

Question 51

When can children start printing some letters or numbers?

Answer 51

5

Question 52

When do kids know their left from right?

Answer 52

6-7

Question 53

When can kids understand commands w/ three separate instructions?

Answer 53

6-7

Question 54

When can kids ride their bicycle

Answer 54

6-7 NOTE: they can also explain objects and their use at this age

Question 55

**When do kids get their conservation of length, weight, and volume?**

Answer 55

7-11

Question 56

When can kids count backwards

Answer 56

8-9 they get more abstract thinking at this point

Question 57

When does kid start to enjoy reading?

Answer 57

8-9 can also understand fractions at this age (think not complex amth fraction but "half the cookie" they also have concept of space at this point

Question 58

When can kids name months and days of week in order

Answer 58

8-9

Question 59

When do kids start collecting things?

Answer 59

8-9 They collect everything, think about rock collections

Question 60

KNOW: There is a large variety of gross motor and fine motor skills at 8-9 (those kids are all different)

Question 61

Cognitive Development Modifiers: * Age, Education, Gender - able to learn easier when you're young. If you don't have a formal education its harder to learn other things. * Abuse, Neglect, Trauma * Race, Ethnicity, Sexual Identity - has affect on how people are treated * Temperament - some people like to learn some people dont * Parenting Style - did the parents make you learn early? * Illness * Disabilities - kids that cant explore their environment cant learn as much - give those kdis a way to move if you can (this wasnt how it used to be but we've shifted to this mindset) * Substance abuse - duh (think fetal alc syndrome) * Culture - What does your culture expect you to learn? - there are some cultures where females don't get educated - so they can't increase that baseline - have to have that exposure * (getting stuck) - getting stuck anywhere along the line where you arent learning and growing. If you arent challenging your brain its not growing - can't be the same thing over and over (can't just do crossword puzzles) What happens w/ cognitive development is that you have a genetic phsyiological baseline. You can increase or decrease this cognitive baseline. There are some people out there that are super gifted (i.e., fast processing speed) *

Question 62

Adolesence: Puberty - 18 * Abstract thinking increases but maintains that concepts are only right or wrong * Knowledge is held by authorities - however, this is decreasing somewhat (highschoolers think their teachers are authritites --> however, this is shifting and the kids feel more in charge) - young people going into military now are not as willing to compley with this "push the earth" * Difficult holding more than one point of view * Emotions: all emotions are more intense; desire or emotional intensity - Thrill seeking, Risk taking, Theyir bodies are like supercharged car with an unskilled driver" * Altered sleep cycle (which is why they're pushing back the start time of public schools) * Increase mood disorders and/or mental illness - these start to become appartent here

Question 63

IQ: Most common in US currently: * Wechsler ADult intelligence scale for adults * Wechsler inteillgence scale for children * Ordinally scalred 40-160 * Standardivation = 15 Other IQ tests * Standard-Binet Intelligence Scales * Woodcock-Hognson tests of cognitive abilities * The kaufman Assessment battery for children * The cognitive assessment system * The differential ability Scales

Question 64

KNOW: **IQ test is a snapshot in time** - one time test where you may do better if you're having a good day KNOW: Its ordinally sclared w/ a standard deviation of 15 KNOW: **IQ is on a belly curve w/ 68% falling between 85 and 115 (this is the normal IQ range)** *** Average = 100 * only 2% are above 130** more kids in gifted program than should be statistically (because money) * Should only be 2% **KNOW: for test** * 85-115 = normal (within 1 standard deviation of 100) * 1 standard deviation = 15 * 100 = average * above 130 = very superior - can manipulate numbers / theories in their head ver easily (know = memory and IQ is different but they do work together) KNOW: If you're in the average range you're going to do fine in school - you should be able to learn in a classroom * **70 or below are considered developmentally distabled** - test KNOW: IQ is different than processing / learning disability (great IQ but can be dyslexic)

Answer 64