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Bree - Structures > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

where does connective tissue originate from

A

embryonic mesoderm

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2
Q

what is connective tissue composed of

A

cells and ECM

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3
Q

function of connective tissue

A

1) structural support
2) medium of exchange
3) defense and protection
4) storage of fat

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4
Q

what is the ECM composed of

A

ground substance, fibers, structural glycoproteins

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5
Q

what is ground sybstance

A

GAGs and proteoglycans (proteins and GAGs together)

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6
Q

GAG types

A

1) hyaluronic acid (NOT sulfated or bound to a protein, bind to proteoglycans covalently)
2) chondroitin sulfate
3) dermatan sulfate
4) keratan sulfate
* all sulfates bind to water

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7
Q

fiber types in connective tissue

A

collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers

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8
Q

major collagen types

A

I, II, III, IV

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9
Q

type I collagen

A

tendon, ligaments, bone, fibrous cartilage, dermis of skin

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10
Q

type III collagen

A

reticular. Lymphoid organs, muscle cells, blood vessels, liver, and endocrine glands

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11
Q

type IV collagen

A

basement membrane of epithelium, endothelium, muscle, and nerve axons. DO NOT FORM FIBRILS – mesh like!

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12
Q

in H&E collagen stains

A

acidophilic

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13
Q

what does mallory trichrome stain

A

type I and III collagen stained blue

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14
Q

type I, II, and III collagen properties

A

mechanical support, give tensile strength to tissue, resistance to stretching when pulled

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15
Q

type I collagen fibrils

A

tropocollagen, hydroxyproline STAIN IN BANDS

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16
Q

EM of fibroblasts

A

have RER and golgi for synthesis of procollagen

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17
Q

chain of procollagen to fibrils

A

procollagen –> ECM—>tropocollagen–>polymerization into fibrils

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18
Q

what stains type III collagen only

A

silver stain

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19
Q

which is thicker between type I and III collagen

A

type I – reticular fibers thinner. Reticular fibers are 6-12% hexose sugar residue vs 1% in type I

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20
Q

basement membrane made of

A

laminin, entactin, type IV collagen, GAG (heparan sulfate)

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21
Q

elastin made of

A

desmosine and isodesmosine

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22
Q

microfibrils made of

A

fibrilin

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23
Q

elastic fiber in H&E stain

A

fibers thin and branched, forming irregular networks

24
Q

properties of elastic fibers

A

stretchable as rubber, up to 150%

25
Q

elastic fibers produced by

A

fibroblasts (esp in CT), smooth muscle cells (esp of arteries), chondroblasts and chondrocytes in elastic cartilage

26
Q

types of connective tissue proper

A

loose ct and dense ct (dense irregular and dense regular)

27
Q

specialized CT

A

reticular, elastic, adipose

28
Q

embryonic ct

A

mesenchyme, mucous

29
Q

loose ct characterizations

A

more cells than fibers – most tissue and organs!!

30
Q

lamina propria

A

mucous membranes – mostly type III collagen

31
Q

dense irregular ct

A

more collagen fibers than cells - largely type I and III, some elastic. think dermis!

32
Q

dense regular

A

parallel bundles of collagen fibers sep. by linear rows of fibroblasts. Type I - tendon, ligament

33
Q

reticular tissue

A

type III, supportive stroma of tissue and organs (esp lymphoids – lymph node and spleen)

34
Q

elastic tissue

A

in walls of arteries and epiglottis (resorcin fuchsin)

35
Q

adipose tissue stain

A

one large single fat droplet - H&E look empty with white

36
Q

adipose tissue function

A

in subcutaneous tissue, omentum, mesenteries, breast, bone marrow. insulator, storage of energy as triglycerides and release free fatty acids

37
Q

shape of mesenchymal cells

A

stellate or spindle, delicate branching of cytoplasmic process surrounded by ground substance – unspecialized and can differentiate into almost all cell types in connective tissue

38
Q

embryonic connective tissue

A

umbilical cord - mucous connective tissue WHARTONS JELLY

39
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue in an organ

40
Q

parenchyma

A

cells supported by stroma

41
Q

fibroblast

A

spindle shaped with elongated nucleus, slightly basophilic cytoplasm due to RER , production of ECM

42
Q

mast cells

A

single nucleus, strongly acidophilic cytoplasm, finely granular

43
Q

mast cell granules contain

A

heparin and histamine

44
Q

what receptors do mast cells have on their surface

A

IgE

45
Q

macrophages

A

part of monocyte macrophage system - monocyte is precursor. In connective tissue, lungs, lymphoid organs, bone marrow

46
Q

where do monocytes develop

A

bone marrow - then go to blood and then CT where they become macrophages

47
Q

function of macrphages

A

lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes, phagocytosis, kill tumor cells, secrete cytokines, component of immune system to present to T cells

48
Q

lymphocytes

A

develop in bone barrow and then circulate. differentiate into plasma cells (from B lymphocytes)

49
Q

b lymphocytes become

A

plasma cells that make antibodies

50
Q

lifespan of b lymphocytes vs plasma cells

A

lymphocytes long lived (1-2 yrs), plasma cells 2-3 weeks

51
Q

other name for antibodies

A

immuglobulins

52
Q

neutrophils staining

A

multilobed (at least 3), slightly pinkish cytoplasm with barely visible granules

53
Q

neutrophil function

A

for acute infection, phagocytic cells with lysosomal enzymes

54
Q

defunct neutrophils are

A

pus cells

55
Q

eosinophil

A

bilobed, for parasitic infections and allergy reaction

56
Q

basement membrane composed of

A

laminin, entactin, type IV collagen, GAGs

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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