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Bree - Structures > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Axial skeleton properties

A

Older, before extremities

Skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

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1
Q

Two parts of skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

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2
Q

Properties of appendicular skeleton

A

Recent
Upper and lower pectoral girdle
Lower limb and pelvic girdle

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3
Q

Number and types of vertebrae

A 
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 4
Total 33
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4
Q

3 types of curvatures

A

Scoliosis (to the side)
Kyphosis (hunched)
Lordosis (arched)

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5
Q

Development of curves

A

Fetus (1) thoracic
Infant (2) cervical
Adult (4) lumbar and sacral

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6
Q

Distinguishing feature of cervical

A

Foremen in transverse processes

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7
Q

What is in the foramen in the transverse processes

A

Vertebral artery and veins

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8
Q

Cervical vertebrae names

A

C1 atlas
C2 axis
C7 vertebrae prominens
C3-6 non distinctive

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9
Q

Which vertebrae attach to ribs in mammals

A

Thoracic

Cervical do in other animals – sometimes c7 attached to a cervical rib

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10
Q

What does c1 articulate with

A

Occipital bone

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11
Q

What are c1 and 2 connected by and where is it

A

Dens on c2

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12
Q

Largest cervical vertebra

A

C7

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13
Q

Distinguishing of thoracic

A

Articulate with ribs

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14
Q

Distinguishing feature thoracic

A

Facets to articulate with ribs

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15
Q

Where are most disk related injuries

A

L4 and l5

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16
Q

Sacral features

A

Fused (sometimes l5 fuses with s1 causing it to be disconnected from s2-5)

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17
Q

Number of coccyx

A

Normally 4 but sometimes 3 or 5

Not really fused, vestigial part of tailbone

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18
Q

Importance of coccygeal vertebrae

A

Muscle and ligament attachment for control of anal and pelvic muscles

19
Q

Coccyx pain

A

Coccydynia

20
Q

Joint

A

Junction of 2 parts of skeleton (articulation)

21
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrocartilaginous

Synovial (diarthrosis)

22
Q

Type of Fibrocartilaginous joints

A

Fibrous (synarthrosis)

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis)

23
Q

Type of synovial joints

A

Subdivided by shape (ex ball and socket or hinge)

24
Q

Joints of vertebral bodies

A

Intervertebral disks: Fibrocartilaginous known as symphysis

25
Q

Joints of vertebral arches

A

Zygaphoyseal (facet) joint, synovial

26
Q

Joints of sub occipital region

A 
Atlantooccipital (synovial) 
Atlanto axial (synovial)
27
Q

Joints between ribs and bodies of vertebrae/transverse processes

A

Costovertebral (synovial)

Costotransverse (synovial)

28
Q

Ligament

A

Short band of fibrous connective tissue attaching bone to bone
Holds structures together and provides stability

29
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous connective tissue attaching muscle to bone

30
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, flat tendon that attaches muscle to bone or other muscles

31
Q

Joint between bodies of vertebrae

A 
Intervertebral discs (sympheses) 
Cartilaginous in axial -- stays cartilage
32
Q

Structure of disks

A 
Annulus fibrosus (outer)
Nucleus pulposus (inner)
33
Q

IVF

A

Intravertebral foramen – where spinal nerve is born, roots join together to form radicle

34
Q

cartilage

A

avascular connective tissue made of extracellular fibers with cells located in small cavities

35
Q

what happens to cartilage in heavily weightbearing areas

A

greatly increased, cartilage almost inextensible

36
Q

functions of cartilage

A

support soft tissue, provide smooth surface for bone articulations at joints, enable development and growth of long bones

37
Q

bone

A

calcified connective tissue

38
Q

what are synovial joints separated by

A

a cavity

39
Q

what are solid joints held together by

A

connective tissue (no cavity)

40
Q

synovial joint characteristics

A

seperated by a cavity
a layer of cartilage covers articulating surfaces of skeletal elements
presents of joint capsule with synovial membrane and outer fibrous membrane
*often have additional structures within area enclosed by synovial membrane (ex: articular discs, fat pads, and tendos)

41
Q

syncrhodroses and sympheses are examples of

A

cartilaginous joints

42
Q

examples of cartilaginous joints (2)

A

synchondroses and sympheses

43
Q

intevertebral disks are an example of what kind of joint

A

symphysis (cartilaginous, solid)

44
Q

definition of sympheses

A

two bones connected by cartilage, usually in the midline (ex discs)

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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