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Bree - Structures > Lecture 33: Genital System Pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 33: Genital System Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what directs overall gonadal development

A

genotype which directs external genitalia development

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2
Q

what are the two phases of development of the reproductive system

A
  1. embryonic development of sex organs

2. secondary sexual development (puberty)

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3
Q

what develops during embryonic development of sex organs (3 things)

A
  1. Gonads (testes and ovaries)
  2. Genital ducts
  3. Accessory glands
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4
Q

from what layer do the organs of the reproductive system predominantly develop from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

what DOESNT develop from the intermediate mesoderm in the reproductive system

A

the primordial germ cells (precursors of spermatogonia and oogonia) are from the yolk sac which is endodermally derived

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6
Q

what happens during week 5-7 of gonadal development

A

migration of germ cells from yolk sac (forms genital ridge) and the thickening on the medial side of the mesonephros
NOTE: the gonads of men and women look exactly the same at this stage!! (INDIFFERENT)

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7
Q

when do germ cells start migrating and where do they migrate

A

start migrating in week four along dorsal mesentery

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8
Q

when do the primordial germ cells get incorporated into the primary sex cords

A

week 6

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9
Q

how is the gonadal ridge formed

A

proliferating epithelium and mesenchyme form half moons known as the gonadal ridge

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10
Q

what is the gonad formed from

A

external cortex and internal medulla

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11
Q

what does development of a male phenotype require

A

the short arm of a Y chromosome (contains SRY gene which produces Testis Determining Factor) which is what directs the development of the testes

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12
Q

what does development of a physiologically typical female require

A

two X chromosomes

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13
Q

absence of y chromosome leads to

A

ovaries

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14
Q

what doe the primary sex cords become in men

A

seminiferous cords, tubules and rete testes

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15
Q

what does primary female sexual differentiation NOT depend on

A

female hormones (more important is the lack of testosterone)

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16
Q

testes secrete

A

testosterone which leads to male differentiation

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17
Q

how does the type of gonad come to differ

A

differentiation within genital ducts and external genitalia

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18
Q

how do rete testes develop

A

from branching and anastemoses of sex cords

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19
Q

what is the tunica albuginea

A

thick capsuel separating sex cords from surface epithelium; diagnostic of testicular development in a fetus.

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20
Q

what is the mesorchium

A

what seperates the enlarging testes from the degenerating mesonephros (it is a mesentery)

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21
Q

what gives rise to the cells of leydig

A

seminiferous tubules become seperated by a mesenchyme that gives rise to these interstitial cells

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22
Q

when do interstitial cells of leydig arise

A

week 8

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23
Q

what do interstitial cells of leydig secrete (when do they start)

A

testosterone and androstenedione – week 8

*this is masculine differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia – from mesonephric ducts

24
Q

where are sertoli cells and what do they secrete

A

secrete antimullerian hormone (AMH) and they are in the testes

25
Q

what is the function of AMH

A

supresses development of mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts through puberty

26
Q

what kind of cells are in the seminiferous tubules

A

2 types

1) sertoli
2) spermatogonia (primordial sperm cells derived from primordial germ cells)

27
Q

decribe the seminiferous tubules until puberty

A

solid

28
Q

describe the formation of the ductus epididymis

A

rete testis become continuous with 12-20 efferent ductules which are connected to the mesonephric duct which becomes the ductus epididymis

29
Q

what is required for the development of ovaries

A

x chromosome and autosome

30
Q

what happens to the primary sex cords in women

A

they degenerate along with the rete ovarii

31
Q

what gives rise to the cortical cords in women

A

the secondary sex cords – cortical cords increase in size and primordial germ cells get incoporated into them

32
Q

what do primordial follicles consist of

A

oogonium and follicular follicles derived from sex cord

33
Q

when are all oogonia formed by

A

birth (about 2 million)

34
Q

at the indifferent stage (5-6 weeks) what kind of ducts are present`

A

mesonephric (wollfian) ducts which drained urine from mesonephric kidneys
paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

35
Q

what do mesonephric ducts become

A

proximal: convolutes to form epididymis
lateral: seminal vesicles
remainder: ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct

36
Q

where is the ejaculatory duct

A

the part of the mesonephric duct between seminal vesicle and urethra

37
Q

what is the function of the seminal vesicles

A

produces fluid that nourishes sperm and also makes vagina more alkaline for motility

38
Q

how does the prostate develop

A

endodermal outgrowths of prostatic urethra and surrounding mesenchyme

39
Q

what is the function of the prostate

A

produces fluid for semen – sperm transport (in the first part of ejaculate)

40
Q

what are the bulbourethral glands formed from

A

outgrowths of spongy urethra

41
Q

what do the bulbourethral glands do

A

secretions contribute to semen

42
Q

what causes the mesopnephric ducts to regress in women

A

no testosterone

43
Q

what does no MIS cause in women

A

paramesonephric ducts develop

44
Q

what forms the paramesonephric ducts

A

WOMEN!!! invaginations on lateral mesonephrons approach and fuse, creating ducts

45
Q

where do the paramesonephric ducts pass

A

caudally into the pelvic region. they develop lateral to gonads and mesonephric ducts

46
Q

what is the uterovaginal primordium

A

meeting of paramesonephric ducts in the pelvic region (y shaped)

47
Q

what does the paramesonephric duct become

A

the fallopian tubes (unfused part before the uterovaginal primordium)

48
Q

what does the uterovaginal primordium become

A

the vagina and uterus

49
Q

what is the mulleriuan (sinus) tubercule

A

projection of uterovaginal primordium into urogenital sinus

50
Q

what causes the formation of the broad ligament

A

the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts brings together 2 peritoneal folds that form the broad ligament

51
Q

what causes the formation of the vaginal plate

A

uterovaginal primordium meets urogenital sinus forms sinus tubercule which induces formation of paired endodermal outgrowths (sinovaginal bulbs). these bulbs fuse to form the vaginal plate

52
Q

how does the vaginal plate become the vagina

A

central cells break down and you get a lumen.

53
Q

what separates the lumen from the cavity of the urogenital sinus

A

the hymen

54
Q

what forms Skene’s glands

A

buds from urethra form urethral and skenes (paraurethral)

55
Q

what forms bartholin’s glands

A

buds from urogenital sinus

56
Q

homologous auxillary genital glands from urethra

A

women: urethral and paraurethral glands
men: prostrate

57
Q

homologous auxillary genital glands from urogenital sinus

A

women: greater vestibular glands of bartholin
men: bulbourethral glands

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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