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Bree - Structures > Lecture 34: Pelvis, Perineum, and Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Pelvis, Perineum, and Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what keeps everything in the abdomen from falling out

A

the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

what are the openings in the male pelvic diaphragm (front and back)

A

front is urethral hiatus, back is anorectal hiatus

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3
Q

what are the openings in the female pelvic diaphragm

A

front is urethra, then vagina, then rectum

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4
Q

what muscles comprise the levator ani

A

iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

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5
Q

what muscles comprise the pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani and ischiococcygeus (NOTE THAT COCCYGEUS IS NOT PART OF THE LEVATOR ANI!!!)

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6
Q

where is the external anal sphincter in relation to the pelvic diaphragm

A

it is below it

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7
Q

what does the inferior rectal nerve branch from

A

pudendal nerve

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8
Q

types of muscle in external vs internal anal sphincter

A

external is skeletal, internal is smooth

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9
Q

shape of anal canal in saggital view

A

it is curved (only appears straight in a coronal view)

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10
Q

two triangles in pelvic diaphragm

A

urogenital and anal

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11
Q

where is fat located in the anal triangle

A

below levator ani before skin

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12
Q

what does fat in the anal triangle allow

A

expansion of vagina

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13
Q

what are the pelvic and urogenital diaphragm surrounded by

A

fascia

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14
Q

what is the name of the fascia that covers the urogenital diaphragm

A

inferior fascia (perineal membrane)

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15
Q

where are the bulbourethral glands in men

A

on the deep transverse perineal membrane of the urogenital diaphragm

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16
Q

why does the bladder have a flat top in women

A

because the uterus sits on top of it

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17
Q

why is it easier for women to get an infection than men

A

because the urethra is very short so bacteria can easily come up the tube

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18
Q

what kind of muscles in the bladder

A

smooth – cant work them out! but CAN train them to not feel as much pain when stretched

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19
Q

what type of muscles in the pelvic floor

A

skeletal (can work them out!)

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20
Q

parts of urethra in men

A

preprostatic (right off the bladder), prostatic, membranous, spongy

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21
Q

what structures can be found in the internal urethra

A

prostatic uricle, openings of ejaculatory ducts

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22
Q

nerves innervating the pelvic diaphragm

A

sympathetics from above (trunk, splanchnics) parasympathetics from S2-S4

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23
Q

what does sperm NOT go through

A

bladder, corpora cavernosa, seminal vesicles

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24
Q

what is corpum cavernosum for

A

making sure there is penetration

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25
Q

what is corpus spongiosum for

A

for passage of sperm

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26
Q

what kind of penis do most mammals have

A

an os penis

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27
Q

what function do female erectile tissues serve

A

stiffening of vaginal orifice

28
Q

what is unique about erectile tissue in women

A

TWO distinct types

29
Q

what kind of erectile tissue is the clitoris made from

A

corpus cavernosum (glands, crus, and body)

30
Q

where is corpus spongiosum found in women

A

bulb of vestibule

31
Q

the clitoris is NOT a mini penis because

A

it does not function in urine or sperm transport

32
Q

what lubricates the vagina

A

greater vesticular glands

33
Q

homologues in men and women corpus cavernosum

A

WOMEN: clitoris body and glans
MEN: dorsal paired penile bodies

34
Q

homologues in men and women corpus spongiosum

A

women: bulbs of vestibule
MEN: bulb of penis, ventral body, glans

35
Q

where are erectile tissues located relatively to UGD

A

superficial (in the in a space called the superficial/perineal pouch/space).

36
Q

is the urethra enclosed in erectile tissue in women

A

NO!

37
Q

what are erectile tissues covered by in both men and women

A

skeletal muscles

38
Q

what are the skeletal muscles of superifical pouch in women

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal

39
Q

what are the skeletal muscles of superifical pouch in men

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transvere perineal

40
Q

what does the superficial pouch contain

A

scrotal contents, erectile tissues, skeletal muscle coverings, and an outer layer of fascia

41
Q

what is the homologue to the testes

A

ovaries

42
Q

what is the homologue to the gubernaculum

A

round ligament

43
Q

what is the homologue to the prostate

A

skene’s glands

44
Q

what is the homologue to the prostatic uricle

A

uterus

45
Q

what is the homologue to the bulbourethral glands

A

greater vestibular glands

46
Q

where is fluid released from in women (female ejaculation)

A

from the urethra in a variably present prostate homolog (paraurehtral skene’s glands or female prostate) … may serve an antimicrobial purpose to prevent intercourse induced cystitis

47
Q

bladder innervation

A

smooth muscle GVE fibers from lumbar splanchnics (sympathetic) & pelvic splanchnics (parasympathetic).

48
Q

pelvic and UGD diaphragms and the superficial pouch

A

skeletal muscle GSE fibers from pudendal & other sacral spinal nerves (S2-4).

49
Q

innervation of the ovary

A

GVA fibers travel back along the ovarian artery to T10.

50
Q

innervation of the uterus and vagina

A

GVE fibers are from lumbar splanchnics (sympathetics), and pelvic splanchnics (parasympathetics). GVA fibers travel back along the same paths.

51
Q

lymph flow of ovaries

A

Lymph flow from ovaries is to aortic lymph nodes (remember embryonic origin of ovary was higher, similar to testes).

52
Q

where do the ovarian arteries come from

A

the abdominal aorta

53
Q

why are the anastemoses in the uterine arteries important

A

women need a lot of blood flow here to support a pregnancy

54
Q

what are the three branches off the internal iliac artery

A

uterine, vaginal, internal pudendal

55
Q

where does uterus usually lie

A

in an inverted position over the bladder

56
Q

how is vaginal expansion facilitated

A

by the fat in the fat in the anterior recess of the ischiorectal fossa.

57
Q

what are the three layers of skeletal muscle in the pelvic region

A

pelvic diaphragm, deep pouch (UGD), and superficial pouch muscles covering erectile tissue

58
Q

what holds the skeletal muscle in the pelvic region in place

A

cardinal/cervical ligaments

59
Q

pouches in men vs women

A

men only have recto-vesicular

women have vesicouterine and rectouterine (2!)

60
Q

what are the parts of the broad ligament in women

A

mesometrium
mesosalpinx
mesovarium

61
Q

what occurs if something is incorrectly inserted into the vagina (think back alley abortion)

A

Instruments inserted through the vagina can pierce the posterior fornix and penetrate the peritoneal cavity.

62
Q

where would dye introduced into the uterus emerge

A

ostia of uterine tubes and into the peritoneum

63
Q

what causes the direct pain during ovulation

A

parietal peritoneum tears, causing direct pain.

64
Q

what is the special kind of epithelium in the uterus allowing it to be stretched

A

transitional

65
Q

in a pregnant woman, where would you get late pain from appendicitis

A

wherever the appendix ends up! organs end up moving alot because of uterus expansion

66
Q

what are the main organs that get compressed during late term pregnancy

A

bladder and rectum

67
Q

what can happen due to weakening of the muscles as a result of pregnancy

A

prolapse of organs

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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