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Bree - Structures > Lecture 29 - urinary tract and adrenal embryo > Flashcards

Lecture 29 - urinary tract and adrenal embryo Flashcards

1
Q

basic urinary system

A

kidney (filter plasma and excrete urine)
ureter (connect kidneys to bladder)
urinary bladder (stores urine)
urethra (carries urine from bladder to exterior)

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2
Q

what embryonic cells does the urogenital system develop from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

what are the urogenital ridges

A 
nephrogenic cord (urinary) 
genital/gonadal ridge (genital)
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4
Q

names of embryological kidneys

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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5
Q

when are pronephros part of embryo

A

4th embryological week

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6
Q

what are pronephros consisted of

A

cervical nephrotomes and pronephric duct

TRANSITORY AND NON FUNCTIONAL

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7
Q

when do mesoneprhos appear

A

late in 4th week, functional TEMPORARILY

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8
Q

what do mesonephros consist of

A

nephrotomes >glomeruli
mesonephric tubules
mesonephric ducts

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9
Q

what are mesonephric ducts a remnant of

A

pronephros, opens into cloaca

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10
Q

when do mesonephros degenerate

A

Degenerate at end of first trimester (except for some adult male derivatives)

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11
Q

when do Metanephros develop and start to fucntion

A

develop in 5th, function in 9th

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12
Q

what happens after 12th week in terms of kidneys

A

majority of amniotic fluid is fetal urine

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13
Q

what are the permanent kidneys derived from

A

metanephric diverticulum aka uretic bud

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14
Q

what is the metanephric diverticulum an outgrowth of

A

distal mesonephric duct

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15
Q

what does metanephric diverticulum give rise to

A

ureters, renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules

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16
Q

another word for metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm

A

metanephrogenic blastema

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17
Q

what gives rise to the nephrons

A

Metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm

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18
Q

how do we get our permanent kidneys

A

Metanephric diverticulum and metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm are interdependent and have reciprocal induction

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19
Q

specific interaction of uretic bud and metanephric mesoderm

A

Ureteric bud penetrates metanephric mesoderm to induce metanephrogenic blastema

THEN

Metanephric blastema induces ureteric bud to undergo successive branching

20
Q

what does the uretic bud become

A 
major calices (1-4 generations) 
minor calices (4-8 generations) 
collecting tubules (over 8 generations)
21
Q

formation of nephrons embryologically

A

1) Distal end of collecting tubule (from ureteric bud) induces metanephric vesicles (from blastema)
2) Metanephric vesicles elongate into metanephric tubules
3) Distal end of metanephric tubule invaginated by glomerular capillaries

22
Q

fetal kidneys

A

lobular in appearance

23
Q

when do number of glomeruli increase until

A

32-35 weeks gestation

24
Q

when does glomerular filtration begin

A

around week 9, GFR increases after birth

25
Q

where do kidneys begin and end positionally

A

initially in pelvis, ascend into abdomen as caudal portion grows relative to cranial
STOP when reach abdomen, hilum of kidney rotates 90 degrees medially

26
Q

what is the early embryonic renal artery

A

common iliacs

27
Q

what happens to blood supply as kidneys ascend

A

branches involute and ner arteries arise from aorta – adult renals come from aorta

28
Q

what does cloaca turn into

A

urorectal septum

  • rectum
  • urogential sinus
29
Q

divisions of urogenital sinus and what they become

A

vesical part - most of bladder
pelvic part - urethra
phallic part - grows towards genital tubercule

30
Q

urinary bladder epithelium and outer layers

A

epithelium: endoderm
outer layer: splanchnic mesoderm
INITIALLY CONTINUOUS WITH ALLONTOIS

31
Q

what do ureters come from

A

metanephros

32
Q

where is bladder in children vs adults

A

abdominal until puberty when it becomes pelvic

33
Q

fate of allantois

A

initially continuous with bladder (contributes vesicle portion), constricts to become urachus, extends from dome of bladder to umbilicus and then becomes median umbilical ligament in adults

34
Q

endoderm of urethra in males vs femals

A

female: endoderm of urogenital sinus
male: proximal uroginital sinus, distal epithelial growth from penis (glandular uretheral plate)

35
Q

where is connective tissue/smooth muscle in urethra derived from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

36
Q

where is the cortex of the adrenal glands derived from

A

mesoderm

37
Q

where is the medulla in the adrenal glands derived from

A

neural crest cells

38
Q

when do adrenals develop

A

6th week - intermediate mesoderm and adjacent to gonads

39
Q

what does the medulla of the adrenals secrete

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

40
Q

cortex - outer to inner layers

A 
zona glomerulosa (salt) 
zona fasciculata (sugar) 
Zona reticularis (sex) 
SALT SUGAR SEX THE LOWER YOU GO THE BETTER IT GETS
41
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

mineralocorticoids=salt/fluid regulation, aldosterone

42
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

glucocorticoids=metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats, cortisol

43
Q

Zona reticularis

A

sex steroid precursors

44
Q

fetal adrenals size wise

A

bigger than fetal kidneys!!!

45
Q

failure of kidneys to develop is called

A

renal agenesis

if bilateral, lethal due to pulmonary hypoplasia

46
Q

POTTER SEQUENCE

A

kidneys dont develop so you dont have urine which means you dont dont have amniotic fluid during fetal life (get compression and pulmonary hypoplasia)

47
Q

prune belly syndrome

A

development of urethra is bad and get folded stomach

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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