Lecture 11: Gametogenesis

Question 1

sperm gametogenesis

Answer 1

spermatogonium–>primary oocyte–>meiosis–>secondary oocyte –> meiosis —> spermatid

Question 2

oogenesis

Answer 2

primary oocyte
primary oocyte in follicle
primary oocyte in larger follicle
secondary oocyte in larger follicle + polar body

Question 3

when are mature sperm dormant until

Answer 3

puberty

Question 4

spermatids to mature sperm called

Answer 4

spermiogenesis

Question 5

where are sperm stored

Answer 5

epididymis (come from seminiferous tubules)

Question 6

what happens for sperm to mature

Answer 6

golgi becomes part of acrosome, centrioles go to tail, mitochondria line up around beginning of tail (called thd middle piece)

Question 7

what does normal spermatogenesis require

Answer 7

the Y chromosome

Question 8

oogonia

Answer 8

primordial female sex cells

Question 9

when do oogonia proliferate

Answer 9

fetal life via mitosis

Question 10

when are primary oocytes formed

Answer 10

before birth (from oogonia)

Question 11

primary oocytes

Answer 11

surrounded by flattened follicular cells

Question 12

primordial follicle

Answer 12

primary oocyte enclosed by follicular cells

Question 13

primary follicle

Answer 13

during puberty, primary oocyte enlarges and follicular cells become columnar. get zona pellucide

Question 14

where are primary oocytes before puberty arrested (primary follicle)

Answer 14

prophase stage of first meiotic division

Question 15

whre is the ovulated ovum arrested

Answer 15

metaphase II unless it gets fertilized

Question 16

what does 1st meiotic division give rise to in oogenesis

Answer 16

secondary oocyte and polar body

Question 17

gametogenesis timing in female vs male

Answer 17

• embryogenesis and arrests until puberty (female)

- begins at puberty (male)

Question 18

result of oogenesis vs spermatogenesis

Answer 18

one germ cell is one ovum and 2 polar bodies (female)

one germ cell is 4 mature spermatozoa (men

Question 19

GRH

Answer 19

released by neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus

Question 20

FSH

Answer 20

stim follicles, stim production of estrogen by follicular cells

Question 21

LH

Answer 21

triggers ovulation of secondary oocyte, stimulates follicular cells and corpus luteum

Question 22

what does corpus luteum secrete

Answer 22

progesterone and estrogen

Question 23

when does the follicle start pressing on the surface

Answer 23

tertiary stage

Question 24

corpus luteum arises from

Answer 24

walls of ovarian follicles which develop into gland structure

Question 25

the primary follicle contains the

Answer 25

zona pellucida

Question 26

what happens when ovulation occurs

Answer 26

secondary oocyte expelled (surrounded by zona pellucida and corona radiata), resumption of 1st meitoic division

Question 27

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 27

menstrual, proliferative, and luteal phase

Question 28

proliferative phase

Answer 28

growth of ovarian follicles, controlled by estrogen, endometrium thickens

Question 29

luteal phase

Answer 29

formation, functioning, and growth of corpus luteum. Progestterone stim glandular epithelium (glycogen rich!)

Question 30

how is sperm transported

Answer 30

from epididymis to urethra through peristalsis of vans deference

Question 31

where does fertilization normally occur

Answer 31

ampullary portion of fallopian tube

Question 32

capacitation (pre fertilization)

Answer 32

glycoprotein coat and seminal proteins leave acrosome
membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratios altered
increase in motility
*takes place in uterus or tube and allows acrosome rxn to occur

Question 33

changes during fertiliztion to sperm

Answer 33

acrosome rxn (acrosome binds to glycoprotein ZP3 on zona pellucida)
fenestrations upon contact w corona radiata
apertures btwn sperm plasma membrane and acrosome

Question 34

what gets released during acrosome reaction

Answer 34

hyaluronidase and acrosin

Question 35

phases of fertilization

Answer 35

penetration of corona radiata
penetration of zona pellucida
fusion of PM
zona reaction (no more sperm!)

Question 36

what happens if fertilization occurs

Answer 36

1) meiosis 2 of oocyte
2) female/male pronuclei form and then fuse
ZYGOTE CREAATED!