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Bree - Structures > Lecture 19: The Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 19: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

where is cardiogenic mesoderm located

A

cranially to oropharyngeal membrane

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2
Q

what eventually engulfs the heart

A

pericardial coelom

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3
Q

what forms the initial artery/vein system

A

blood islands coalescing

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4
Q

where do vitelline arteries and veins empty

A

caudal end of heart tube

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5
Q

how is blood initially pumped to the body

A

through a single tube

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6
Q

what comprises the primitive heart tube

A

1) aortic sac
2) truncus arteriosis
3) bulbus cordis
4) primitive ventricle
5) primitive atrium
6) sinus venosus

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7
Q

formation of the AV septum

A

dorsal AV cushion and ventral AV cushion approach each other

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8
Q

what doe the AV septum partition

A

the AV canal into the R AV canal and L AV canal

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9
Q

formation of the IV septum

A

muscular IV septum develops in midline on floor of ventricle (from cardiac mesoderm) and grows toward fused AV cushion
Membranous IV semptum from bulbar ridge and AV cushions also grows

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10
Q

difference in initial vs end IV septum

A

initially, foramen in free edge of muscular IV septum and fused AV cushions. Then it gets closed by the membranous septum

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11
Q

2 things that divide primitive atrium

A

septum primum and septum secundum

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12
Q

what does septum primum come from

A

forms in roof of primitive atrium and grows toward AV cushions in AV canal

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13
Q

what does the foramen secundum come from

A

forms in center of septum primumm, fenestrations that become one big hole

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14
Q

when does the foramen primum start and end

A

forms between free edges of septum primum and AV cushions, closes when there is fusion with cushions

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15
Q

where does the septum secundum form

A

the right of septum primum

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16
Q

what is the foramen ovale

A

opening between the upper and lower limbs of the septum secundum

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17
Q

how does blood get shunted in the embryonic heart

A

RA to LA via foramen ovale

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18
Q

how is functional closure of foramen ovale achieved

A

decrease in right atrial pressure (from occlusion of placental circulation) and increase in left atrial pressure (due to pulmonary venous return)
*eventually septum primum and secudum will anatomically fuse

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19
Q

what is the valve of the foramen ovale derived from

A

septum primum

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20
Q

why is the foramen ovale significant

A

allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs

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21
Q

path of aorta vs pulmonary artery

A

aorta: L ventricular outflow

pulmonary artery: R ventricular outflow tract

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22
Q

what are the conotruncal ridges

A

bulbar and truncal ridges

23
Q

bulbar and truncal ridges

A

conotruncal ridges

24
Q

where do conotruncal ridges form

A

truncus arteriosis and bulbus cordis

25
Q

how does the aorticopulmonary septum form

A

neural crest cells from hindbrain through ph. arches 3,4,6 invade truncal and bulbar ridges - they grow and twist around each other and fuse to form AP septum

26
Q

what does the AP septum divide

A

truncus arteriosis and bulbus cordis into the aorta and pulmonary trunk

27
Q

what does the AP septum meet

A

the IV septum

28
Q

which is more ventral between aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary trunk

29
Q

what are the SL valves called

A

aortic, pulmonic

30
Q

how many swellings per valve

A

3 subendocardial

31
Q

what area of the heart do the seminlunar valves separate between

A

aorta and LV and pulmonary artery and RV

32
Q

what do the AV valves separate

A

the atrium and ventricles

33
Q

names and function of AV valves

A

tricupsid (RA to RV)

mitral (LA to LV)

34
Q

what do AV valves develop from

A

proliferation of tissue around endocardial cushions and AV canals

35
Q

formation of dorsal aorta

A

initially a pair of tubes that fuse to form a single dorsal aorta which connects with the aortic arch. aortic arch connect to aortic sac in primitive heart tube.

36
Q

what is each paired aortic arch associated with

A

a pharyngeal arch

37
Q

what do the aortic arches connect to

A

aortic sac

38
Q

how many aortic arches develop

A

6, NOT AT THE SAME TIME

39
Q

where does the arterial pattern develop from 6 pairs of arteries

A

head and neck

40
Q

development of arteries in main body

A

R and L dorsal aortae

41
Q

what is the ductus arteriosis

A

a shunt (doesnt shunt everything)

42
Q

what does the 1st aortic arch become

A

L and R = maxillary/external carotid artery

43
Q

what does the 2nd aortic arch become

A

L and R stapedial artery

44
Q

what does the 3rd aortic arch become

A

L and R common carotid/internal artery

45
Q

what does the 4th aortic arch become

A

L = part of aortic arch, R = proximal R subclavian artery

46
Q

what does the 5th aortic arch become

A

rudimentary aorta

47
Q

what does the 6th aortic arch become

A 
L= L pulmonary + ductus arteriosus 
R = R pulmonary aorta
48
Q

where do the primitive cardiac veins drain

A

sinus venosus

49
Q

what are the 3 primitive veins

A

vitellin (drain yolk sac, low O2)
umbilical (from placenta, high O2)
Common cardinal (from body of embryo, low O2)

50
Q

what is the fate of the primitive veins

A

very complex and differs between people

51
Q

what vein dissapears

A

R umbilical

52
Q

what happens to L umbilical vein

A

umbilical vein within umbilical cord, becomes ductus venosus

53
Q

what is the superior vena cava a derivative of

A

R anterior and R common cardinal veins

Bree - Structures (34 decks)

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