lecture 8

Question 1

coronal suture

Answer 1

front suture, divides skull front and back. Front is bigger
 Runs along coronal plane

Question 2

lambdoid suture

Answer 2

a back suture on the occipital bone
 When laying on back falling asleep you are laying on your lambdoid suture counting lambs.

Question 3

sagittal suture

Answer 3

a suture running down the middle of the parietal bone
 Runs sagittal

Question 4

squamous suture

Answer 4

a suture on top of the temporal bones

Question 5

the anatomy of the fetal skull, including the fontanelles

Answer 5

composed of several separate, flexible bones held together by fibrous connective tissue called sutures, creating spaces known as fontanelles, which are essentially “soft spots” that allow the skull to mold and compress during birth, facilitating passage through the birth canal while also accommodating the growing brain during development

Question 6

the individual bones of the adult cranial vault

Answer 6

o frontal bone, parietal bones (two), temporal bones (two), and the occipital bone.
 These are all of the flat bones that create the flat portion of the top of the skull.

Question 7

frontal squama of the frontal bone

Answer 7

o This is the largest part of the uppermost section of the bone that forms the forehead

Question 8

the supraorbital notch (or foramen) of the frontal bone

Answer 8

o This is the bony elongated opening located above the eye socket and under the forehead.
- allows for passage of the Supra orbital nerve and vessels

Question 9

glabella of the frontal bone

Answer 9

o The area of skin indented between the eyebrows and above the nose
- controls facial movements that involve the eyebrows and the forehead

Question 10

the temporal lines of the parietal bone

Answer 10

o This is a curved ridge on each side of the skull on the temporal bone. It runs upward from the zygomatic process about the temporal fossa. Has multiple functions; moves when we chew, and provides for attachments sites.

Question 11

foramen magnum of the occipital bone

Answer 11

o The largest opening on the occipital bone on the base of the skull. Is oval shaped and where the spinal cord connects to the brain stem.

Question 12

occipital condyle of the occipital bone

Answer 12

o Two oval-shaped bony bumps on the occipital bone, at the base of the skull (back of the head). Closer to the front of the skull than the foramen magnum.
- articulates with the atlas vertebrae to form a joint

Question 13

external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

Answer 13

o A bony bump on the back of the skull that is normal in structure. It is on the occipital bone and is where our skulls curve down.

Question 14

the jugular foramen of the occipital bone

Answer 14

(with the temporal bone)
o A large opening with jagged edges in the skull base that allows several structures to pass through. Is to the outside of the hypoglossal canal
- allows structures to pass through the pass of the skull

Question 15

the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone

Answer 15

o A pair of canals that are right above the occipital condyle. Is what transmits the hypoglossal nerve through it.
- transmits the hypoglossal nerve

Question 16

squamous region of the temporal bone

Answer 16

o This is the thin, curved, scale-like part of the temporal bone that forms the anterior and upper parts.
- goes on to form the zygomatic process

Question 17

the petrous region of the temporal bone

Answer 17

o Pyramid shaped and is a very dense section of bone at the base of the skull. Located between the sphenoid and the occipital bones.
- protects the inner ear, and includes the organs for hearing and balance

Question 18

the external acoustic (auditory) meatus

Answer 18

o The bony external canal that forms the external ear canal. Also known as the external auditory canal
- collects sounds waves, and funnels toward the eardrum

Question 19

the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

Answer 19

o Located within the petrous region and connects the inner ear to the posterior cranial fossa. Is the internal ear canal.
- allow nerves and an artery to pass from the skull to the inner ear and the face

Question 20

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Answer 20

o A bony projection on the temporal bone that extends to form the cheek bone up at the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. It articulates with the zygomatic bone to create a joint.
- provides structural support for the face, and creates a attachment point for muscles

Question 21

the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Answer 21

o A curved piece of bone below and behind the ear. Is shaped like a pyramid and is the attachment for several neck muscles. Can feel the bump below the earlobe.

Question 22

the styloid process of the temporal bone

Answer 22

o A needle or pen like projection of the temporal lobe below the ear that moves the tongue, larynx, hyoid bone, and mandible. In front of the mastoid process.

Question 23

the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Answer 23

o A smooth, oval shaped depression in the temporal bone that is important for chewing and that houses the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 24

the carotid canal of the temporal bone

Answer 24

o Is a passageway in the petrous part of the temporal bone. Is where the internal carotid artery and its accompanying nerves travel.

Question 25

the stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone

Answer 25

o This is a hole between the mastoid process and the styloid process
Allow for the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery to pass through

Question 26

the foramen lacerum of the temporal bone

Answer 26

o Is an uneven opening that looks like someone cut through the area. Is located at the junctions of the temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones.
- allows for passage of several important structures

Question 27

the malleus of the ear

Answer 27

o A small, hammer shaped bone in the inner ear that transmits sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (malleus to incus)

Question 28

the incus of the ear

Answer 28

o The middle bone of the three small bones of the middle ear. Looks like a hammer, moves sounds to the stapes.

Question 29

the stapes of the ear

Answer 29

o Is the smallest bone in the body, and deepest of the ear bones. Looks like a stirrup, and helps to transmit sound vibrations

Question 30

the greater wing of the sphenoidfunction

Answer 30

o The larger set of wings that are on the bottom
- contributes to formation of the skull, provides passageway for important nerves and blood vessels

Question 31

the lesser wing of the sphenoid

Answer 31

the smaller set of wings on the top
- for the eye socket, and create the optic canal

Question 32

the pterygoid process of the sphenoid

Answer 32

o A process that extends downward from each side of the sphenoid bone and splits into two at the bottom.
- attachment for the medial and lateral muscles

Question 33

the optic canal of the sphenoid

Answer 33

o Is a small hole that is a canal on the portion close to the nasal bones.
- passage for the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 34

the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid

Answer 34

o Made by the gaps between the greater and lesser wings. (is the long line between the two)
- provides passage for the three motor nerves

Question 35

the sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa) of the sphenoid

Answer 35

o “looks like a saddle” is a saddle shaped depression in the skull on the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland
- houses and safeguards the pituitary gland

Question 36

foramen rotundum of the sphenoid

Answer 36

o A small opening just anterior to the foramen ovale. It is the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa. Houses a artery

Question 37

foramen ovale of the sphenoid

Answer 37

o An oval shaped hole. It is in each side of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone in the middle of the fossa. Is a passageway for the mandibular nerve

Question 38

foramen spinosum of the sphenoid

Answer 38

o A small opening on the sphenoid bone allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels. Is in the greater wing.

Question 39

crista galli of the ethmoid

Answer 39

o A protrusion from the top of the ethmoid that looks like a rooster crest. Projects above the cribriform plate and into the cranial cavity.
- is an attachment for what separates the side of the brain, or the membrane surrounding the brain

Question 40

cribriform plate of the ethmoid

Answer 40

o A part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and has many holes which are the olfactory foramina (sense of smell). It allows olfactory nerves to pass to the brain.

Question 41

olfactory (cribriform) foramina of the ethmoid

Answer 41

o Small holes on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, that allow olfactory nerve fibers to pass to the nasal cavity to the brain

Question 42

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

Answer 42

o A thin, vertical bony plate that extends downwards from the cribriform plate and makes up part of the nasal septum. Is essentially what divides the nasal cavity into two chambers
 Is on the inferior side.

Question 43

superior & middle nasal concha of the ethmoid

Answer 43

o Bony projections of the ethmoid bone, they are located within the nasal cavity. Form the curved plates that extend downwards to create the superior and middle nasal meatuses.