Chatper 2 Flashcards
Organic compounds
- organic compounds contain carbon and are associated with living organisms
Carbon is?
- carbon is electroneutral, so it shares its electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds
- has no new electric charge
What are the 4 class of macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Polymer
Polymer - a large, chain-like molecule made up of smaller building blocks called monomers
- most macromolecules exist as polymers
Carbohydrates are?
Built from monosaccharides (single sugars)
Lipids are?
(Often) built from glycerol and fatty acids
Proteins are?
Built from amino acids
Nucleic acids are?
Built from nucleotides
The building and breaking down of polymers
- monomers are joined together via dehydration synthesis
- when a hydrogen atom from one monomer and a hydroxyl group (containing a hydrogen and oxygen atom) from another monomer combine together
- (H is taken from one and OH or HO form the other) a water molecule if then released
Hydrolysis
- (“water splitting”) reactions break the bonds between monomers
- and water molecules is broken apart and H goes to one monomer and HO or OH goes to the other
Carbohydrates contain?
- contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- “carbon-hydrate” = carbon + water
- primarily used as an energy source for cells
- for every carbon there is one oxygen and two hydrogen
- some are structural carbohydrates
Examples of carbohydrates
- glucose (a monosaccharide) -> blood sugar
- lactose (a disaccharide) -> milk sugar
- glycogen (polysaccharide) -> animals for energy storage
Lipids contain?
- contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (sometimes phosphorous)
- The proportion of oxygen in lipids is lower than in carbohydrates- typically hydrophobic
- What we think of as fats, oils, and cholesterol)
What are lipids in accordance to water
Typically Hydrophobic
- water-fearing
Examples of lipids
- steroids
- triglycerides (fats)
- phospholipids
Where are triglycerides found/
In the subcutaneous layer