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Anatomy and Physiology > lecture 17 and 18 > Flashcards

lecture 17 and 18 Flashcards

1
Q

occipitofrontalis (epicranius) -> frontal belly

A

frontal belly -
action: raises the eyebrow
insertion: skin
Origin: fascia or bone of the face

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2
Q

occipitofrontalis (epicranius) -> occipital belly

A

action - fixes aponeuroses and pulls the scalp posteriorly

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3
Q

the origin and insertion of all muscles of facial expression

A

origin - fascia or bone of the face
insertion - skin

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4
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

a sheet-like connective tissue connecting the two bellies

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5
Q

corrugator supercilii

A

Action - draws the eyebrows medially and inferiorly
- is located above the eyelid, works on moving the eyebrow
- angry or furrowing, worry

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6
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

action - closes the eye
- is located above the eye, and below the eyelid (squinting)
- orbits around the eye

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7
Q

zygomaticus (major and minor)

A

action - raises the lateral corners of the mouth (smiling)
major - inferior
minor - superior

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8
Q

risorius

A

action - draws the corner of the lips laterally
- is lateral under the zygomaticus major and minor (almost where ramus is)
- located inferior to the zygomaticus minor and major
- the smirking muscle

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9
Q

levator labii superioris

A

action - raises and furrows the upper lip
- is between the zygomaticus minor and the orbicularis oculi the upper cheek bone directly lateral to the nose and superior to the eye
- snarling

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10
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

action - raises and furrows the lips
- depresses the lower lip. is directly lateral to the mentalis

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11
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

action - draws the lower lip inferiorly
- is at the angle of the mouth (dimples)

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12
Q

orbicularis oris

A

action - closes the lips (kissing)
- the moustache/beard area right around the mouth
- orbits or surrounds the mouth

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13
Q

mentalis

A

action - wrinkles the chin, protrudes the lower lip (pouting)
- where the mental protuberance is
- pouty face

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14
Q

buccinator

A

action - compresses the cheek (whistling, sucking, holding food between the teeth)
- between the risorius and the zygomaticus major

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15
Q

platysma

A

action - tenses the skin of the neck, helps depress the mandible and pulls the lower lip back and down.
- almost below the chin; it runs from the chin down and across the collarbone

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15
Q

muscles of mastication

A

chewing

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16
Q

masseter

A

origin - zygomatic arch and inferior zygomatic bone
insertion - angle and ramus of mandible
action - elevates the mandible (primary mover of the jaw)
- in the cheekbone

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17
Q

temporalis

A

origin - temporal fossa (lateral depression of parietal, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid)
insertion - coronoid process of mandible
action - elevates and retracts the mandible
- fan shape located on the temporal bone, you feel it move when you clench your jaw. acts as the synergist

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18
Q

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

A

action - side to side movement of the mandible

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19
Q

muscles of tongue movement

A

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus

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20
Q

genioglossus

A

origin - internal mandible
insertion - inferior tongue and hyoid bone
action - protracts the tongue (allows us to stick out our tongue)
- middle front of the tongue

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21
Q

hyoglossus

A

origin - the hyoid bone
insertion - inferior tongue
action - depresses and retracts the tongue
- the back middle of the tongue

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22
Q

styloglossus

A

origin - styloid process of temporal bone
insertion - inferior tongue
action - retracts and elevates the tongue
- upper muscle right below by styloid process

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23
Q

action of the suprahyoid muscles

A

to elevate the hyoid when they contract

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24
Q

digastric

A

origin - mandible and mastoid process of temporal bone
insertion - the hyoid bone
- consists of two bellies which are united by intermediate tendons, that form a v shape under the chin
action - jaw opening, swallowing, head extension

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25
Q

stylohyoid

A

origin - the styloid process of the temporal bone
insertion - the hyoid bone
- a slender muscle below the angle of the jaw; parallel to posterior belly of digastric
action - can help protract the hyoid as well as elevate it

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26
Q

mylohyoid

A

origin - mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion - hyoid bone
- a flat, triangular muscle just deep to the digastric muscle; this muscle pair makes a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth
action - depressing mandible, elevate hyoid, elevate oral cavity

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27
Q

action of the infrahyoid muscles

A

to depress the hyoid

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28
Q

sternohyoid

A

origin - manubrium and clavicle
insertion - hyoid
attachment - sternum
- the most medial muscle of the neck, thin; superficial except inferiorly where it is covered by the sternocleidomastoid
action - depress the hyoid helping with swallowing and speech

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29
Q

omohyoid

A

origin - superior scapula
insertion - hyoid
- a straplike muscle with two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; lateral to the sternohyoid
action - depressing the hyoid, protection

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30
Q

thyrohyoid

A

origin - manubrium of the sternum
insertion - hyoid
attaches - thyroid
- appears as a superior continuation of the sternothyroid muscle
action - depress and fixate the hyoid bone, elevate the larynx

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31
Q

sternothyroid

A

origin - manubrium of the sternum
insertion - thyroid cartilage
- a muscle that is lateral and deep to the sternohyoid

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32
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

origin - manubrium and clavicle
insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone
action - flexes and rotates the head
- is located deep to the platysma on the anterolateral surface of the neck

33
Q

scalenes

A

origin - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
insertion - the first 2 ribs
action - elevates the first 2 ribs, flexes and rotates the head.
- helps to pull the ribs up when breathing

34
Q

splenius

A

action - extends and rotates the head
- extends from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the skull. covers and holds down the deep neck muscles

35
Q

erector spinae

A

action - the prime mover of back extension
the 3 muscles it is composed of - iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

36
Q

iliocostalis

A

the most lateral muscle group, extends from the pelvis to the neck
- helps to erect or extend the spinal column

37
Q

longissimus

A

the intermediate muscle
- helps to erect or extend the spinal column

38
Q

spinalis

A

the most medial muscle

39
Q

semispinalis

A

action - extends and rotates the vertebral column and the head
o- transverse processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
i - occipital
- extends from the thoracic region of the head, and forms part of the intrinsic back muscles

40
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

action - laterally flexes and extends the lumbar region
origin - the iliac crest
- the fleshy muscle forming part of the posterior abdominal wall. helps with lateral flexion and extension

41
Q

diaphragm

A

action - the prime mover of inspiration
- when you breathe in the diaphragm pushes down which in turn pushes open the lungs allowing air in, when we breathe out the diaphragm relaxes and moves up. while relaxed the diaphragm takes on a more rounded shape

42
Q

external intercostals

A

action - elevate the rib cage (helps assist with inspiration)
- the external tuns the opposite direction form the interior
- 11 pairs that lie between the ribs, and run obliquely

43
Q

internal intercostals

A

action - depresses the rib cage (helps assist with expiration)
located deep
- 11 pairs that lie between the ribs, run deep to and at the right angles to those of the external intercostals

44
Q

rectus abdominis

A

origin - pubic crest and symphysis
insertion - xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
action - flexes and rotates the lumbar region. when both sides contract it flexes, when one side contracts it rotates.
- the medial superficial muscle that extends from the pubis to the rib cage
- surrounded by the rectus sheath

45
Q

external oblique

A

action - flexes and rotates the vertebral column
origin - the lower ribs
insertion - linea alba
- is the largest and most superficial, runs down and medial. run towards the X-rated area

46
Q

internal oblique

A

action - flexes and rotates the vertebral column
insertion - linea alba
origin - iliac crest
- most go up and medially. is deeper

47
Q

transversus abdominis

A

action - compresses the ribs and abdominal contents
insertion - linea alba
origin - costal cartilage
- is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall; the fibers run horizontally

48
Q

linea alba

A

origin - the xiphoid process
insertion - the pubic crest and symphysis
action - stabilize and brace the core muscles
- means white line

49
Q

rectus sheath

A

origin - pubic symphysis and crest
insertion - xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
action - flexes trunk, compresses and supports abdominals

50
Q

levator ani

A

origin - the linear origin inside the pelvis
insertion - inner surface of the coccyx
action - helps to support the pelvic organs
- is the pelvic muscle that extends itermedially

51
Q

coccygeus

A

origin - ischial spine
insertion - the anterolateral aspects of the sacrum and coccyx
action - helps support the pelvic organs
- lies posterior to levator ani and forms the posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm

52
Q

ischiocavernosus

A

origin - ischial tuberosity and ramus
insertion - men (crura of penis) women ( crura of the clitoris)
action - helps maintain erection of the penis or clitoris
- runs from the pelvis to the base of penis or clitoris

53
Q

bulbosponginosus

A

origin - in female in the perineal body, in men the perineum
insertion - perineal membrane
action - help maintain erection of the penis or clitoris
- encloses base of penis or lies deep to the labia

54
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin - the front surfaces of the 3-5 ribs
insertion - the coracoid process of the scapula
action - draws the scapula down and forward, can raise the ribs
- the deep, inferior smaller piece

55
Q

serratus anterior

A

origin - ribs 1-8
insertion - the scapula
action - draw the scapula down and forward (boxer)
- punching

56
Q

trapezius

A

origin - external occipital protuberance
insertion - the acromion, spine of scapula, and lateral clavicle
action - elevates, depresses, retracts, superiorly rotates

57
Q

levator scapulae

A

origin - transverse process of c1-c4
insertion - medial border of the scapula
action - elevates and retracts the scapula

58
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

origin - spinous process of thoracic T2-T5
insertion - medial border of scapula
action - work together to stabilize, retract, elevate, and inferiorly rotate the scapula
- minor, smaller and above the major

59
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin - the clavicular head, sternum, ribs 1-6
insertion - the greater tubercle of the humerus
action - adducts and medially rotates the arm

60
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

the lats
origin - spinous process of T7-L5, iliac crest, inferior to 3-4 ribs and the scapula
insertion - intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
action - extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm (like swimming freestyle)

61
Q

subclavius

A

origin - costal cartilage of 1st -6th ribs
insertion - inferior region of the clavicle
action - stabilizes and depresses the pectoral girdle

62
Q

deltoid

A

origin - the clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
insertion - deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
action - (prime mover) abducts the arm; can also flex and extend the arm
- shot

63
Q

coracobrachialis

A

origin - coracoid process of the scapula
insertion - the medial shaft of the humerus
action - flexes and adducts the arm

64
Q

teres major

A

origin - inferior angle of the scapula, more inferior than the rotator cuff
insertion - intertubercular groove
action - extends, medially rotates, and adducts the arm

65
Q

what is the teres major to the lats

A

the teres major is the synergist of the latissimus dorsi

66
Q

facial nerve (CN VII)

A

is responsible for the motor function of the facial expression muscles

67
Q

where do the bellies of the digastric muscle originate

A

the anterior belly - originates on the mandible
the posterior belly - originates on the mastoid process

68
Q

subscapularis

A

origin - the subscapular fossa of the scapula
insertion - the lesser tubercle of the humerus
action - abducts and stabilizes the arm at the shoulder joint

69
Q

supraspinatus

A

origin - supraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
action - abducts and stabilizes at shoulder

70
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin - the infraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
action - lateral rotation of arm, external rotation of the shoulder, stabilization of the arm at the shoulder joint

71
Q

teres minor

A

O: the posterior surface of the scapula (lateral border)
I: the inferior aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: lateral rotation, stabilizing the shoulder, weakly adducting the shoulder joint

72
Q

biceps brachii

A

O: coracoid process (short head); above glenoid cavity (long head)
I: radial tuberosity
A: flexes and supinates the forearm
synergist to the supinator muscle

73
Q

brachialis

A

O: anterior humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna
A: flexes the forearm

74
Q

brachioradialis

A

A: flexes the forearm
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: styloid process of radius

75
Q

triceps brachii

A

O: below glenoid fossa (long head); posterior lateral humerus (lateral head); posterior
humerus (medial head)
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extends the forearm

76
Q

anconeus

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extends the forearm

77
Q

pronator quadratus and pronator teres

A

A: pronate the forearm
O: distal ulna (anterior)
I: distal radius (anterior)

78
Q

supinator

A

A: supinate the forearm
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: posterior surface of the radius

79
Q

The nerves of connection

A

Cranial nerve 7 - all facial muscles innervate here
Trigeminal nerve - provides the innervation for the muscle of chewing
Hypoglossal nerve - provides the innervation for the tongue

80
Q

Forearm

A

Anterior - flexes
Posterior - extends

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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