lecture 10 Flashcards
hyoid body
the middle main section
hyoid greater horn versus lesser horn
greater - the outer large horns
lesser - the inner smaller horns
Distinguish between an isolated cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebra
o Cervical vertebrae are in the neck, thoracic vertebrae are in the chest, and lumbar vertebrae are in the lower back
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curvature (the upper back region, ‘hunchback’)
lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curvature (the lower spine, when it curves more anterior than normal ‘arches too far forward’) is common during pregnancy, causes temporary lordosis.
the anatomy and function of the intervertebral disks
o The intervertebral disks are between each spinal column piece and are pads of fibrocartilage and collagen.
The disks help to withstand force, absorb shock, provide cushions, and help the spine to be flexible.
body of typical vertebral markings
o The middle main portion, which is almost oval or circular portion.
the spinous process of typical vertebral structure
o The long point projection on the posterior side. Provides a spot for muscles and ligament to attach
the transverse process of typical vertebral structure
o 2 on each. These point laterally out to the sides. Provide attachment for muscles and ligaments
the lamina
o These are bars of bone that connect the spinous process to the transverse process on both sides.
pedicle
connects the body to the transverse process
vertebral/spinal foramen
o The opening near the center of the bone. The spinal cord runs through this.
superior articular process and facet
o Topside (from the lateral view) projection of bone that performs an articulation (connection) with the vertebra before it
inferior articular process and facet
o Bottom (superior) projection of bone that makes the connection to the vertebra below it
atlas lateral mass
o Lateral masses (the atlas has no body)
o The masses on the middle of the bone that have two sections. The prominent bone section on each bone
atlas anterior arch
o Anterior arch
o The arch on the anterior side is part of the ring encircling the spinal cord. Takes up about 1/5 of the ring
- Encircle the spinal cord and connect to the odontoid process
atlas posterior arch
o Posterior arch
o A curved part of the atlas, on the posterior side. It makes up 2/5ths of the ring’s circumference.
- Encircle the spinal cord and connect to the odontoid process