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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 7: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY - PART 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 7: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY - PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

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2
Q

What does the function of capillaries require?

A

Very thin walls, large total cross sectional area of capillary bed and slow and smooth blood flow

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3
Q

How does the total area of capillaries compare to arterioles?

A

Much larger which means much slower blood flow

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4
Q

What is found in a capillary?

A

Layer of endothelial cells, nucleus, red blood cells and intercellular (tight) junction

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5
Q

What is the size of a red blood cell?

A

8-10 micrometres

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6
Q

What is found in a capillary bed?

A

Terminal arteriole, precapillary sphincters, vascular shunt and post capillary venule

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7
Q

What is the terminal arteriole?

A

The end of the supply netwokk

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8
Q

What is included in the vascular shunt?

A

Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel

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9
Q

What is the post capillary venule?

A

Start of the drainage network

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10
Q

What are precapillary sphincters composed of?

A

Smooth muscle cells under involuntary control

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11
Q

What are precapillary sphincters able to do?

A

Constrict and prevent blood flowing into the capillary bed

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12
Q

What does the vascular shunt do?

A

Pushes blood straight from the supply to drainage without passing through the exchange network

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13
Q

What are the 3 types capillaries?

A

Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal

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14
Q

What are continuous capillaries?

A

Most widespread

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15
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A

Leaky

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16
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Very leaky

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17
Q

What is the diameter of continuous capillaries?

A

8-10 micrometres (single file flow of RBC)

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18
Q

What is the most common form of capillary?

A

Continuous capillaries

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19
Q

What do continuous capillaries also have?

A

A surrounding basement layer of extracellular tissue produced by the endothelial cells which the substances must also pass through

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20
Q

what is the diameter of fenestrated capillaries?

A

8-10 micrometers (single file flow of RBC)

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21
Q

What do fenestrated capillaries have?

A

Porous openings called fenestrations

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22
Q

What is an example of fenestrated capillaries?

A

Glomerulus in the kidneys which filter the blood

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23
Q

What is the diameter of sinusoidal capillaries?

A

30-40 micrometres (multiple RBC flow)

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24
Q

What does the larger diameter of sinusoidal capillaries mean?

A

They are more likely to be involved in transport of nutrients and toxins rather than gases as RBC are further from the capillary wall

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25
Q

What are the size of the openings in sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Larger than fenestrations

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26
Q

How is the basement membrane in sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Incomplete

27
Q

What is an example of sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Liver sinusoids

28
Q

What are the methods of transport through capillaries?

A

Diffusion through membrane, movement through intercellular clefts, movement through fenestrations and transport via vesicles of caveolae

29
Q

What substances diffuse through the membrane?

A

Lipid soluble substances

30
Q

What substances move through intercellular clefts?

A

Water soluble substances

31
Q

What substances move through fenestrations?

A

Water soluble substances

32
Q

What substances move via vesicles or caveolae?

A

Large substances

33
Q

How do substances move through continuous capillaries?

A

Diffusion through membrane, movement through intercellular clefts and transport via vesicles of caveolae

34
Q

How do substances move through fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Diffusion through membrane, movement through intercellular clefts, movement through fenestrations and transport via vesicles of caveolae

35
Q

What capillary doesn’t require transport through the basement membrane?

A

Sinusoidal

36
Q

What is the lymph vascular system?

A

An open entry (drainage) system

37
Q

What are the functions of the lymph vascular system?

A

Drain, filter, screen and absorb

38
Q

What does the lymph vascular system drain?

A

Excess fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns them to the blood

39
Q

What does the lymph vascular system filter?

A

Foreign material from the lymph

40
Q

What does the lymph vascular system screen?

A

Lymph for foreign antigens and responds by releasing antibodies and activated immune cells

41
Q

What does the lymph vascular system absorb?

A

Fat from intestine and transports it to blood

42
Q

How does the lymphatic system commence?

A

As large, blind ending capillaries

43
Q

What does the lymphatic system do from the small intestine?

A

A special group of lymphatic vessels called lacteals drain fat-laden lymph into a collecting vessel called the cisterna chyli

44
Q

What do larger (thin wall) collecting vessels have?

A

Numerous valves to prevent backflow

45
Q

How are lymph vessels described?

A

Thin walled (thinner than veins and arteries), no RBC’s and has valves

46
Q

How is the body split when it comes to the lymphatic system?

A

The left side of the body and the right side of the body below the diaphragm are one section and the right side of the body above the diaphragm is another section

47
Q

What does the lymph from the left side of the body and the right side of the body below the diaphragm do?

A

Enter the thoracic duct and drain into the left subclavian vein

48
Q

What does the lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm do?

A

Enter the right lymphatic duct and drain into the right subclavian vein

49
Q

What does the small intestine virus contain?

A

A lacteal which drains to the cisterna chill and then to the thoracic duct

50
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

Tend to be in clusters throughout the body but are also found separately

51
Q

What are some of the nodes in the body?

A

cervical, axillary and inguinal

52
Q

Where are cervical nodes?

A

In the neck

53
Q

Where are axillary nodes?

A

In the armpit

54
Q

Where are inguinal nodes?

A

In the groin

55
Q

What is found in the structure of a lymph node?

A

Afferent lymphatics, efferent lymphatics and lymphoid cells

56
Q

Where does the lymph enter lymph nodes?

A

Afferent lymphatics

57
Q

Where does the lymph leave lymph nodes?

A

Efferent lymphatics

58
Q

What does the lymph do in the lymph nodes?

A

Pass through a network of lymphoid cells which survey the fluid

59
Q

Where does lymphatic drainage of the breast start?

A

Lymphatic vessels of the breast

60
Q

What comes after lymphatic vessels of the breast?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

61
Q

What comes after axillary lymph nodes?

A

Right lymphatic duct

62
Q

What comes after right lymphatic duct?

A

Right subclavian vein

63
Q

How can metastatic cancer occur in the breast?

A

Breast tissue lymphatic drainage can carry cancer cells into the blood vascular system

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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