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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 6: CIRCULATOR SYSTEM ANATOMY - PART 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 6: CIRCULATOR SYSTEM ANATOMY - PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first artery in the pathway from the heart to the foot?

A

Ascending aorta

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2
Q

What is after the ascending aorta?

A

Aortic arch

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3
Q

What is after the aortic arch?

A

Descending aorta

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4
Q

What is after the descending aorta?

A

Abdominal aorta

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5
Q

What is after the abdominal aorta?

A

Common iliac artery

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6
Q

What is after the common iliac artery?

A

External iliac artery

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7
Q

What is after the external iliac artery?

A

Femoral artery

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8
Q

What is after the femoral artery?

A

Popliteal artery

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9
Q

What is after the popliteal artery?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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10
Q

What is after the posterior tibial artery?

A

Plantar arch

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11
Q

What arteries are in the thoracic cavity?

A

Ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending artery

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12
Q

What arteries are in the abdominal cavity?

A

abdominal aorta, common iliac artery and external iliac artery

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13
Q

Where is the popliteal artery sitting?

A

Posterior to the knee

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14
Q

Where are the supply paths found?

A

Deep

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15
Q

What is the first vein in the path from the foot to the heart?

A

Plantar venous arch

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16
Q

What is after the plantar venous arch?

A

Posterior tibial vein

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17
Q

What is after the posterior tibial vein?

A

Popliteal vein

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18
Q

What is after the popliteal vein?

A

Femoral vein

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19
Q

What is after the femoral vein?

A

External iliac vein

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20
Q

What is after the external iliac vein?

A

Common iliac vein

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21
Q

What is after the common iliac vein?

A

Inferior vena cava

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22
Q

Where may drainage paths be found?

A

Deep and superficial

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23
Q

What vein sits superficially?

A

Great saphenous vein

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24
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein found?

A

Running the length of the leg in the hypodermis

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25
Q

What is the longest vein in the body?

A

The great saphenous vein

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26
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein join the femoral vein?

A

At the groin

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27
Q

How many layers are in blood vessels?

A

3

28
Q

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia

29
Q

What is the inner layer of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima

30
Q

What is the middle layer of blood vessels?

A

Tunica media

31
Q

What is the outer layer of blood vessels?

A

Tunica adventitia

32
Q

What are the layers of the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium, sub-endothelium and internal elastic elamin

33
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

A simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen of all vessels

34
Q

What does the endothelium act as?

A

A barrier between blood and the vessel wall which prevents clotting

35
Q

What is the sub-endothelium?

A

A sparse pad of loose FCT cushioning and supporting the endothelium

36
Q

What is the internal elastic lamina?

A

A condensed sheet of elastic tissue.

37
Q

How does the IEL compare in veins and arteries?

A

It is well developed in arteries and less developed in veins

38
Q

What is the major component of the IEL?

A

smooth muscle which is under involuntary control and autonomic tone

39
Q

What is the content of connective tissue in the tunica media?

A

Variable fibres of mainly elastin and collage

40
Q

What is the thickness of the tunica media proportional to?

A

Vessel diameter and blood pressure - thicker in arteries than veins

41
Q

What is the tunica adventitia composed of?

A

Loose FCT with a high content of collagen and variable amounts of elastin depending on the vessel

42
Q

What does the tunica adventitia have in larger vessels?

A

Vasa vasorum which are blood vessels that supply the blood vessels

43
Q

What is also found in the tunica adventitia?

A

Lymphatics and autonomic nerves

44
Q

What are the two types of arteries?

A

Elastic arteries and muscular arteries

45
Q

What do elastic arteries have?

A

More elastic tissue in the tunica media so that they are able to dampen the high pressure from the heart

46
Q

What is an example of an elastic artery?

A

Thoracic artery

47
Q

What do muscular arteries have?

A

Less elastin and more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media

48
Q

What is an example of a muscular artery?

A

Femoral artery

49
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Small arteries which are the last vessel in the supply path before the capillary bed

50
Q

What is the function of arterioles?

A

Act as the resistance vessels of the circulation - determine the blood pressure

51
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

52
Q

What are venules?

A

The first part of the collecting (drainage) system

53
Q

What do venules contain?

A

Monocuspid (one cusp/leaflet) valves to ensure that the blood doesn’t move backwards

54
Q

What are veins?

A

A low pressure, large volume transport system

55
Q

What do veins act to do?

A

Ensure one way (unidirectional) flow

56
Q

What type of vessels are veins?

A

Capacitance vessels which can hold accumulated blood if needed.

57
Q

Are capillaries capacitance vessels?

A

no

58
Q

Are arteries capacitance vessels?

A

no

59
Q

What is the structure of veins?

A

Irregular, flattened shape with large lumen and thin wall

60
Q

What do veins have?

A

Spare capacity meaning they can take up extra blood volume

61
Q

What are the layers of veins?

A

Intima, media and adventitia

62
Q

What is the media like in veins?

A

Much thinner than arteries - a few layers of smooth muscle (often in two distinct layers - circumferential and longitudinal)

63
Q

What is the adventitia in veins?

A

Often the thickest layer

64
Q

Where do deep veins sit?

A

With skeletal muscle either side of them

65
Q

What happens to deep veins when the muscle contracts?

A

It squeezes the vein and therefore pushes the blood up

66
Q

What stops blood flowing backwards in veins?

A

Valves

67
Q

When do varicose veins occur?

A

when veins dilate and so valve cusps no longer close properly allowing some blood to flow backwards

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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